Chinese Title of General and Baekje Titles of King, Marquis, and Governor : Beakje's Regime Structure and East Asia in the Late Fifth Century (Part II)
アイテムタイプ
紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper
言語
日本語
キーワード
百済, 5世紀後半, 宋, 南斉, 将軍号, 王号, 侯号, 太守号
キーワード(英)
Baekje, late fifth century, Song Dynasty, Nan Qi Dynasty, title of general, title of king, title of marquis, title of governor
中国皇帝から高句麗や百済，倭の君長やその臣僚に除授された将軍号などの官爵号にもとづいて，それら諸国の支配体制を解明しようとする試みがなされて久しい。特に百済や倭では君主自らの官爵だけでなく，臣僚への将軍号除正要求もしばしば行われており，将軍号をはじめ中国皇帝から除授される官爵が重視された。このうち，百済では，蓋鹵王代になって積極的に百済王の官爵号の除正要求が行われるようになったが，それは宋から百済の国際的地位を正式に認めてもらうことによって，対外的には執拗に宋に百済の軍政権を求める倭に外交的牽制をかけるため，対内的には蓋鹵王が除授された官爵，特に将軍号にもとづいて臣僚たちを王権に位置づけるためであった。蓋鹵王は中国王朝の将軍号に依拠しつつ，臣下を序列化していったのである。
その後，百済は高句麗の攻撃によって王都漢城が陥落し，一時的に滅亡の危機を迎えるが，困難のなかで即位した東城王は，南斉に臣僚の将軍号除正を要求するとともに，それと連動して百済王族・貴族の三品将軍には百済独自の王号を，四品将軍には侯号を，漢人官僚の三・四品将軍には太守号を臣下たちに授与していった。5世紀後半の百済において，百済貴族や漢人官僚たちを王権に位置づけるため，中国将軍号はきわめて重視されていたのであった。
Many years have passed since research started on the peerages (e.g. General) granted by Chinese emperors to monarchs of Koguryo, Baekje, and Yamato and their retainers to elucidate the regime structures of these states. The titles granted by Chinese emperors, such as General, were considered important, especially in Baekje and Yamato, whose monarchs not only requested the titles of King and General for themselves but also often asked for the title of General for their retainers. In Baekje, King Gaeru aggressively requested the title of King of Baekje. Externally, he intended to have his kingdom's international independence endorsed by the Song Dynasty to diplomatically contain Yamato, which had persistently asked the Song Dynasty to justify its military domination over Baekje. Domestically, he intended to use the titles conferred on him, especially the title of General, to grant royal authority to his retainers. In other words, he used the title of General given by the Chinese dynasty to establish a hierarchy among his retainers.
Subsequently, Baekje was brought to the verge of extinction with its capital, Hanseong, falling to Koguryo. King Dongseong, who ascended the throne during this crisis, asked the Nan Qi emperor to grant the title of General to his retainers while he himself conferred domestic titles to them. He bestowed the titles of King and Marquis to royal family members and nobles who had been appointed as Third- and Forth-rank Generals, respectively, and the title of Governor to Chinese bureaucrats who had been appointed as Third- and Forth-rank Generals. Thus, in Baekje in the late fifth century, the Chinese title of General was considered as an important means to involve Baekje nobles and Chinese bureaucrats in the royal hierarchy.
雑誌名
国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告
雑誌名(英)
Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History
百済の王号・侯号・太守号と将軍号 : 5世紀後半の百済の支配秩序と東アジア (第2部 王権の比較)
kenkyuhokoku_211_05.pdf
(680.59KB)
