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[論文] 明治改暦におけるグレゴリオ暦をめぐる問題 : 日本らしい暦とは何か
https://rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2648
https://rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/26481547890b-0164-4f07-bb88-b52a7dad1bdb
名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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kenkyuhokoku_228_02.pdf (629.4 kB)
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Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||
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公開日 | 2022-04-01 | |||||
タイトル | ||||||
言語 | ja | |||||
タイトル | [論文] 明治改暦におけるグレゴリオ暦をめぐる問題 : 日本らしい暦とは何か | |||||
タイトル | ||||||
言語 | en | |||||
タイトル | [Article] Problems of the Gregorian Calendar Adopted as Part of the Meiji Reforms : What is a Typical Japanese Calendar? | |||||
言語 | ||||||
言語 | jpn | |||||
キーワード | ||||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||
主題 | 明治改暦 | |||||
キーワード | ||||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||
主題 | グレゴリオ暦 | |||||
キーワード | ||||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||
主題 | 皇紀 | |||||
キーワード | ||||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||
主題 | 置閏法 | |||||
キーワード | ||||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||
主題 | 「正朔」の思想 | |||||
キーワード | ||||||
言語 | en | |||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||
主題 | Calendar reform in the Meiji era | |||||
キーワード | ||||||
言語 | en | |||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||
主題 | Gregorian calendar | |||||
キーワード | ||||||
言語 | en | |||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||
主題 | Imperial era | |||||
キーワード | ||||||
言語 | en | |||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||
主題 | System to include a leap year | |||||
キーワード | ||||||
言語 | en | |||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||
主題 | Idea of the beginning of the year | |||||
資源タイプ | ||||||
資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||
資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||
著者 |
下村, 育世
× 下村, 育世× Shimomura, Ikuyo |
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抄録 | ||||||
内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
内容記述 | 明治五年一一月九日の改暦の詔書には、「四年毎ニ一日ノ閏ヲ置」とのみ置閏法の記載がある。天文学者・内田正男などは、これではユリウス暦法の置閏法であり、四〇〇年に三回閏を省くというグレゴリオ暦の規約が落ちているとして、「不備」を指摘してきた。 現代の日本では、改暦でグレゴリオ暦が採用されたと通念的に理解されている。これは決して間違いとはいえないが、明治改暦当時において事はもう少し複雑で、政府は太陽暦の採用を謳ったが、グレゴリオ暦法を採用したとは明言しない。本稿では、政府が後に「不備」を指摘されるような書き方をした背景を考察した。そのなかで、①明治政府がグレゴリオ暦の置閏法を正確に把握していたことを具体的に示すとともに、政府にとって明治改暦は未完の改暦であった、②改暦当時、国体が表現され、伝統的な暦日意識にも合致する日本独自の暦を要請する声がかなり強くあった、という二点を確認した。 改暦前後期には、暦に関わる様々な意見と改暦案が政府に建言された。例えば市川斎宮は改暦直前に正院に改暦案―グレゴリオ暦に準じ、四〇〇年に三度閏を省く特別の年を算出する方法として、皇紀に則り、皇紀二六〇〇年を閏年、二七〇〇年、二八〇〇年、二九〇〇年を平年とする―を提出した。他の建言の多くも、西洋暦の受け売りではなく国体を反映した暦を要望する。 詔書の「不備」は、それ以上の言及が問題を惹起する可能性があったからではないか。改暦は、日本が未だキリスト教禁教下にあった時期に行なわれた。一〇〇年毎の特別の平年を、イエス誕生を紀元とする西暦で算出することは、国体に即した暦を要望する声が強いなかで説明が難しかったであろう。とはいえ市川のように皇紀を導入すると、欧米と暦日のズレを生じる。この議論は結局、明治三一年まで持ち越され、明らかにグレゴリオ暦と同一だが、日本独自の皇紀による暦法の規定が付け加わった(勅令第九〇号)。 |
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抄録 | ||||||
内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
内容記述 | The imperial edict on the reform of the calendar on November 9, 1872, describes how to set leap days with the phrase “set a leap day every four years.” Astronomer Masao Uchida and others have pointed this out as an imperfection because this approach applies to the Julian calendar and does not reflect the fact that the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days over every 400-year period. It is generally understood in Japan that the Gregorian calendar was adopted during the Meiji reforms. Although this conventional understanding does not necessarily constitute a mistake, the situation at the time of the reform was complicated. The government advocated the use of the solar calendar but did not clearly promote the adoption of the Gregorian calendar. In this paper, I consider the background behind the government’s writing style, which was later pointed out as an imperfection. I also confirm the following three points: (1) The Meiji government accurately grasped how to set the leap day of the Gregorian calendar; (2) for the government, the calendar adopted in the reform was not a complete version and had to be continuously modified; and (3) at the time of the reform, there was a strong demand for a calendar unique to Japan to reflect the national polity and fit the time sense of the traditional calendar. The reason for the imperfection in the imperial edict may have stemmed from the fact that further reference to leap days could have caused problems. The calendar change happened when Christianity was still prohibited in Japan. Therefore, it would have been difficult to calculate a special normal year every 100 years according to the Western calendar system based on the birth of Jesus in the Christian era because there were strong calls for a calendar based on the national polity. However, if imperial records were introduced (as Ichikawa did), the dates would differ from those in Europe. In the end, this argument was carried over to 1898, and although the resulting calendar was the same as the Gregorian calendar, the calendar rules based on the original from the Japanese Imperial era were added. |
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書誌情報 |
ja : 国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 en : Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History 巻 228, p. 501-517, 発行日 2021-03-31 |
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出版者 | ||||||
言語 | ja | |||||
出版者 | 国立歴史民俗博物館 | |||||
ISSN | ||||||
収録物識別子タイプ | PISSN | |||||
収録物識別子 | 0286-7400 | |||||
書誌レコードID | ||||||
収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||
収録物識別子 | AN00377607 | |||||
関連サイト | ||||||
識別子タイプ | URI | |||||
関連識別子 | https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/outline/publication/ronbun/ronbun10/index.html#no228 | |||||
関連名称 | 第228集 収録論文 タイトルリスト | |||||
フォーマット | ||||||
内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||
内容記述 | application/pdf | |||||
著者版フラグ | ||||||
出版タイプ | VoR | |||||
出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |