@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001025,
 author = {下津間, 康夫 and Shimozuma, Yasuo},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {application/pdf, 広島県福山市の草戸千軒町遺跡は、芦田川が瀬戸内海に注ぎ出る河口付近に成立した中世の港町である。出土資料の中に、物品名・数量・金額・商行為などを記した木簡があり、地方都市における商業・流通・金融活動の一端がうかがえる好資料である。主に商取引に関わるメモ、荷札・付札として使用されており、記載者が自らの活動に関わる内容を記したもの、何らかの物品に付属してその実態の一端を示すものに大別される。町は一三世紀中頃に成立し、当初の段階から物資の集散や金銭の取引きに関わる活動が推定されるが、一四世紀中頃より活発になる。記載者の手元でメモ・記録簿として使用された木簡がまとまって存在しており、その内容を検討することで、活動の実態を推察することが可能になる。その結果、一四世紀中頃から一五世紀後半にかけて、草戸千軒に拠を置いて、周辺地域を対象に、農産物を中心とする各種の物品を取り扱い、金銭の貸付けや、年貢・租税の収納・運営に関与する者の存在が推定されることになった。
草戸木簡に特徴的な形状として、材の上部に穿孔したものがある。一五世紀代に多く用いられ、メモとして断片的な語句が並んでおり、これを基に帳簿類を作成したことも想定される。やがて、文言がメモとしての機能を終了すると、削り取られて削屑を生み出すと共に、木簡は白紙としての木札に再生し、繰り返し使用されることになる。そして、多量の木札が準備されながらも、遺構の埋立ての際に投棄された例は、木札を使用する活動の停止を示すものである。
なお、草戸千軒において、流通・金融などの活動に関わる場は、継続的に町の中心的区画の一画を占めており、町における機能の位置を示唆すると共に、芦田川や瀬戸内海に通じていたと想定される水路の推移と密接に関連している。, The Kusado Sengencho site (Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture) situated in a medieval port town near the mouth of the Ashida river to the Inland Sea of Japan. This town was established in the middle of the thirteenth century, and was on the decline at the beginning of the sixteenth century. From this site, various remains have been found which indicate life and culture of that time, and among them mokkan (wooden tablets with inscriptions) are worthy of note. On mokkan were written names of goods, quantity, prices, business actions, etc., which tell us the actual conditions of commerce, distribution and finance in the town. The following facts have become apparent through the investigation of mokkan ; from the middle of the fourteenth century to the later fifteenth century, some inhabitants of this town traded various goods, mainly agricultural products for neighboring districts, and they also made loans.
There are some characteristic mokkan from this town; they were used in the fifteenth century, and have a hole on the top of the tablets, and fragmentary words were written on them. They might have been used as memoranda at hand of scribe, and it is assumed that these mokkan were collected and words were arranged for keeping accounts. After fulfilling their memorandum functions, the words on the surface were shaved off, which produced shavings and enabled the tablets to be ready for repeated use. The words written on mokkan were names of neighboring places, names of goods, such as rice, rough rice, barley for agricultural products besides other marine and brewed products, quantity, price, date, etc. Also written were the notes of money loans such as “kashi” (loan), “moto” (principal), “rifun” (interest), etc. Contrasting mokkan to this type were tags of goods which were carried into the town. The address was “Imakura-tono” of “Kusaichi” (the former name of the town). “Imakura-tono” reflects the character of doso, who were engaged in monetary loans during medieval Japan. Moreover, goods were means of paying tax at that time, and “Imakura-tono” may well have been concerned in the receipt of tax.
As a matter of fact, in this town, the development of activities of commerce, distribution and finance depended on waterways probably leading to the Ashida river and the Inland Sea.},
 pages = {249--268},
 title = {草戸木簡にみる流通・金融活動（5. 草戸に見る流通と消費）},
 volume = {92},
 year = {2002},
 yomi = {シモヅマ, ヤスオ}
}