@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001058,
 author = {井原, 今朝男 and Ihara, Kesao},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, 本稿は，長野盆地における大河川の氾濫原・沖積扇状地と山麓丘陵部という対照的な二つの地域における災害と開発の歴史を類型化する試みを提示するとともに，開発勢力に注目して中世社会の災害と開発力の歴史的特質を検討しようとするものである。
前者，大河川の氾濫地域では開発が後れ，ほとんど近世の新田開発によると考えられていた。しかし，近年の大規模開発による考古学調査と用水や地名を中心とした荘園遺構調査など総合的地域史研究によって，10・11世紀における古代の先行した開発が確認され，大河川の洪水災害のあとも，伊勢上分米を開発資本として投資・復興させつつ御厨に編成しようとする動きと，国衙と結んで公領として再組織する動向とが拮抗していたこと。その開発勢力として伊勢平氏の平正弘一門が大きな役割を果たしたことを指摘した。
他方，山麓丘陵部から扇状地一帯に古代の鐘鋳川を利用した条里水田が先行していたが，9・10世紀における土砂災害で鐘鋳川が埋没を繰り返す中で，国衙による条里水田の維持・復興が困難になり，院政期には後庁の在庁官人を指揮しうる院権力と結ぶ開発勢力が鐘鋳川を復旧・延長し，周辺部の再開発地に松尾社領や八条院領を立荘していった。さらにその縁辺部の非条里水田地域では，鎌倉～室町期に御家人平姓和田氏や国人高梨氏が六ヶ郷用水という第二次的補足的用水体系を開削して新しい開発地域を拡大していく努力を繰り返した。この開発勢力として院の北面や女院侍として活躍する一方鎌倉御家人をも輩出した越後平氏諸流の存在を「京方御家人」という概念で把握すべきことを指摘した。
地域の開発景観が時代の変遷と開発主体の相違にもとづいて複合構造をなしていたといえよう。, In this paper, the author will attempt to present a systematic view of the history of development and natural disaster in two contrasting regions of the Nagano Basin, the large river's flood plain and alluvial fan and foothills. He will also examine the unique historical conditions of natural disasters and development authority in medieval times concentrating on the leaders who affected development.
It is thought that development was delayed on the flood plain and that most new rice paddy development occurred in recent times. However, development that occurred prior to the tenth-eleventh century has been verified by archaeological studies conducted on the occasion of large-scale development in recent years and general regional historical research, such as studies of feudal manor sites, which focused mainly on irrigation and place names. Even after flood damage from the large river occurred, there was a rivalry between a movement to organize the shrine estates that continued to use Ise Jobun rice as development capital for investment and reconstruction and a movement to reorganize the feudal domains allied with government authorities. It is indicated that the family of Taira Masahiro of the Ise Taira clan played a large role as a development authority.
On the other hand, in the area stretching from the foothills to the alluvial fan, the land was previously used for Jori system rice paddies using the ancient Kanai River. However, the maintenance and reconstruction of Jori system paddies by the government authorities became difficult as the Kanai River was repeatedly buried in earth and sand from natural disasters in the ninth and tenth centuries. In the period of the government by ex-Emperors, the authority, which commanded the officials of the Rear Offices, joined with the development authorities to restore and lengthen the Kanai River, and the estates of Matsuo Shrine and the former emperor Hachijou were constructed on redeveloped land in the area. Furthermore, in the Kamakura to Muromachi periods, the Wada clan, gokenin (immediate vassal of Shogun) of the Taira line, and kokujin (native lord) Takanashi clan dug a secondary supplementary irrigation system known as "Rokukagou irrigation" in the outlying areas of non-Jori style rice paddies and repeatedly exerted authoritative power to expand development of new areas. The development authorities indicated that the clans of Taira lineage in Echigo who had been active as soldiers for the Regent's north guard and warriors of the mother of the Emperor and also produced Kamakura gokenin should be seen as gokenin in Kyoto.
It can be said that the background of development in these areas had a compound structure based on the disparities in those leading the development and the changes of each era.},
 pages = {141--193},
 title = {中世善光寺平の災害と開発 : 開発勢力としての伊勢平氏と越後平氏},
 volume = {96},
 year = {2002},
 yomi = {イハラ, ケサオ}
}