@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001062,
 author = {大塚, 昌彦 and Otsuka, Masahiko},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, 榛名山の東麓周辺は，紀元後における災害の歴史が，文献と遺跡発掘調査から何回もあったことが裏付けられている地域である。ここでいう災害とは，火山災害と地震災害の２種類である。
火山災害は，古墳時代以後に榛名山の噴火が２度あり，浅間山の噴火が３度，合計５回の火山災害が認められる。代表的なものとして，古墳時代中期に榛名山の最初の噴火で，マグマ水蒸気爆発後火砕流爆発があり，中筋遺跡のムラが火砕流の熱で建物群が焼失状況で発見された。同後期に榛名山の２度目の噴火で厚さ２ｍにも及ぶ軽石が，黒井峯遺跡のムラを埋没させた。
天明の大飢饉の引き金になった浅間山の天明３年（1783）の噴火では，直接的な降灰ではなく間接的な土石流災害として吾妻川・利根川流域に莫大な被害を及ぼし，中村という村の一部が埋没していたり，甲波宿禰神社という神社が埋没している。
地震災害については『類聚国史』に記載されている弘仁９年（818）の大地震と認定できる巨大地震跡が半田中原・南原遺跡でみつかっている。
このように，一つの地域が幾度も違う形で大きな自然災害に見舞われており，その地域の荒廃した状況から再開発・復興に至る状況が発掘調査で確認でき，土地利用の変遷が理解できる。
さらに火山灰の堆積で災害以前の生活面（地面）が残されており，その詳細な発掘データは今までの考古学の常識をも覆す大発見が多くある。なかでも中筋遺跡・黒井峯遺跡の発見は，集落遺跡の根幹に係わる集落形態の指標，住居の夏・冬住み替えの生活スタイルの提示ができた。
火山災害地の遺跡発掘調査は，多くの情報量が内蔵されているため考古学研究の古代社会復元には最高の遺跡調査研究エリアと言える。, The history of natural disasters over the past two thousand years in the area around the eastern foothills of Mt. Haruna has been substantiated by examination of literary sources and archeological excavations. Natural disasters here are of two kinds, volcanic and earthquake disasters.
Mt. Haruna has erupted twice on and after the Kofun Period. Mt. Asama has erupted three times. Thus a total of five incidents of volcanic disaster have been noted. One typical example of this is the first eruption of Mt Haruna in the mid-Kofun Period. It has been discovered that after a magma steam eruption there was a pyroclastic volcanic eruption, the buildings of the village that was at the Nakasuji Sites were burned by the heat of the pyroclastic flow. In the latter half of the Kofun Period, the second eruption of Mt. Haruna buried the village at the Kuroimine Sites in pumice of two meters in thickness.
The eruption of Mt. Asama in Tenmei 3 (1783), which was the trigger for the Great Famine of Tenmei, did not cause direct damage from falling ash, but indirectly caused vast landslide damage in the Agatsuma and the Tone river areas. Also, part of the village of Nakamura was buried and Kawasukune Shrine was also buried.
As for earthquake damage, one caused by a large earthquake in Konin 9 (818) that is recorded in “Ruijukokushi” has been found at the Handa Nakahara and Handa Minamihara Sites. In this way a single area had many different types of large-scale natural disasters. The redevelopment and reconstruction of the devastated area can be confirmed by archeological survey and the changes in land use can be understood.
Furthermore, volcanic ash sediment has left behind evidence of daily life and the earth's surface prior to disasters. Many great discoveries that have overturned the accepted tenets of archeology have come from detailed excavation site data.
Archeological excavation surveys of volcanic disasters have yielded a particularly large amount of materials. Above all, the discoveries at Nakasuji and Kuroimine sites showed a life-style with seasonal changes in residence from winter to summer and the indicators of village formation related to the basis of the village sites.
In this paper, the author introduces typical cases of sites excavation surveys directly related to natural disasters. In addition, many other sites excavation surveys are also in progress. Sites excavation surveys of volcanic disasters contain a great amount of information and can be said to be a prime excavation survey research area for archeological research of ancient society reconstructions., 一部非公開情報あり},
 pages = {313--350},
 title = {榛名山東麓の災害と歴史 : 遺跡からわかる災害と土地利用の変遷},
 volume = {96},
 year = {2002},
 yomi = {オオツカ, マサヒコ}
}