{"created":"2023-05-15T14:46:09.046461+00:00","id":1064,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"090be4dd-214f-43f9-8f99-2bb8b83634cb"},"_deposit":{"created_by":3,"id":"1064","owners":[3],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"1064"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001064","sets":["21:124"]},"author_link":["2817","2818"],"control_number":"1064","item_10002_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2002-03-29","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"414","bibliographicPageStart":"393","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"96","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告","bibliographic_titleLang":"ja"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_10002_description_19":{"attribute_name":"フォーマット","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"application/pdf","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_10002_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"古代や近世のような統一権力の場合とは異なり，地域的な分権制を原則とする中世社会では，国郡を単位とするような大規模な土木工事が，行いにくい政治的環境下にあった。こうした中で，小稿では中世東国において，どのように耕地の開発が行われ，どのような災害が惹き起こされていたかを問題としたい。まず中世村落における開発については，これまで指摘されたような山間部の谷田を中心とするものではなく，平地部の沖積地においても早くから開発が行われていた。例えば鎌倉期には，幕府や荘園領主が局地的に労働力を動員して，利根川などの沖積低地悪水地帯にも人工的に提防が築かれている。洪水という災害から集落と耕地を守る人工提防の造築を行うとともに，用水路を確保しつつ水田開発の進展が，領主側の強い意志によって図られたのである。なお人工堤防や用水路などの土木工事に関する技術や知識は，寺院の僧侶たちによって主に伝えられたと考えられる。一方災害については，会津盆地の『塔寺八幡宮長帳』『異本塔寺長帳』や，富士山北麓の『妙法寺記』（『勝山記』）など，地域的に連続した史料が残る。これらから中世東国における災害の性格をみれば，近年流行している気象変動論に基づく小氷期による冷害が主体なのではなく，風水害が最も多く時には早害なども加わり，さらには疫病などが蔓延して被害者が増大したことが窺われる。さらに中世における飢饉は，異常気象や天変地異などによる自然の災害に加えて，それぞれの地域における人為的な収奪の問題も大きかったが，基本的には地域ごとの自然発生的な要素が極めて強かった。確かに中世社会においては，統一的な権力によって大規模な開発が進められたわけではなく，自然現象を克服する技術は相対的に低かった。しかし，代わりに全国規模の経済・流通システムに組み込まれ，藩単位で飢饉に追い込まれる近世に較べれば，被害の程度も比較的小規模に留まりえたものといえよう。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"Unlike ancient and modern times when authority was centralized, in medieval times, as authority was regional and decentralized, it was difficult to perform large-scale civil engineering projects on province or county units scale under government authority. With this in mind, in this paper the author addresses the issues of how agricultural land developed and what sort of natural disasters occurred in medieval times in the Eastern Provinces. First, development of medieval villages was not centered in valley rice paddies in the mountainous areas, as has been reported in the past, but first took place in alluvial plains. For example, in the Kamakura Period the Bakufu (Shogunate) and feudal lords mobilized their local manpower and constructed man-made dikes in alluvial lowlands and areas with bad irrigation in the Tone River and other areas. Together with constructing man-made dikes to protect villages and agricultural land from flood damage, the expansion of rice paddy development that secured irrigation canals was conducted under the strong resolve of feudal lords. It has been thought that the technology and knowledge concerning civil engineering construction of man-made dikes or irrigation canals was mainly transmitted by monks from Buddhist temples. There remains regionally connected historical documents recording damage by natural disasters, such as “Todera hachimangu nagacho” and “Ihon todera nagacho” from the Aizu Basin and “Myohoji-ki” (“Katsuyama-ki”) and other books from the northern foothills of Mt. Fuji. Natural disasters occurring in the medieval Eastern Provinces were not mainly the result of cold weather damage caused by a little glacial epoch, as has been proposed by the theory of climate change in recent years. The initial damage, most often caused by winds and flooding and sometimes accompanied by other factors such as drought, was followed by an increase in the number of victims due to the spread of infectious diseases. Furthermore, famine in medieval times was due in part to natural disasters caused by abnormal climatic conditions and cataclysmic events, and the problems caused by human exploitation in these areas were also a large factor, but, for the most part spontaneously occurring natural phenomena in these areas were the biggest factors. Basically, large-scale development was not conducted by a central authority and the level of technologies to overcome natural phenomena was relatively low. On the other hand, it can be thought that the extent of damage was held to a comparatively small scale in medieval period compared to famine that caused throghout the unit of individual feudal domains in recent times when an economic and distribution system was on a nationwide scale.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10002_heading_23":{"attribute_name":"見出し","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_heading_banner_headline":"[共同研究] 日本歴史における災害と開発 Ⅰ","subitem_heading_language":"ja"},{"subitem_heading_banner_headline":"[Collaborative Research] Natural Disasters and Developments in Japanese History I","subitem_heading_language":"en"}]},"item_10002_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15024/00001047","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_10002_publisher_8":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立歴史民俗博物館","subitem_publisher_language":"ja"}]},"item_10002_relation_17":{"attribute_name":"関連サイト","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"第96集 収録論文 タイトルリスト"}],"subitem_relation_type_id":{"subitem_relation_type_id_text":"https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/outline/publication/ronbun/ronbun4/index.html#no96","subitem_relation_type_select":"URI"}}]},"item_10002_source_id_11":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00377607","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_10002_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0286-7400","subitem_source_identifier_type":"PISSN"}]},"item_10002_version_type_20":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"原田, 信男","creatorNameLang":"ja"},{"creatorName":"ハラダ, ノブオ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Harada, Nobuo","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2016-04-01"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"kenkyuhokoku_096_16.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"2.2 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"kenkyuhokoku_096_16.pdf","url":"https://rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/1064/files/kenkyuhokoku_096_16.pdf"},"version_id":"9416a6ea-ec2b-4387-b41e-0476853d4345"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"東国の中世村落における開発と災害","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"東国の中世村落における開発と災害","subitem_title_language":"ja"},{"subitem_title":"Development and Disaster in Villages in the Eastern Provinces in the Medieval Period","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10002","owner":"3","path":["124"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2016-04-01"},"publish_date":"2016-04-01","publish_status":"0","recid":"1064","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["東国の中世村落における開発と災害"],"weko_creator_id":"3","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-08-01T02:29:52.478263+00:00"}