@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001176,
 author = {仁藤, 敦史 and Nito, Atsushi},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Oct},
 note = {application/pdf, 本稿の目的は、近現代における女帝否認論の主要な根拠とされている「男系主義は日本古来の伝統」あるいは「日本における女帝の即位は特殊」という通説を古代史の立場から再検討することにある。
女帝即位の要件として、即位年齢・資質・宮経営・経済的基盤・大王の嫡妻＝大后制などの要素を再検討したうえで、性差や王権構造を組み込んだ女帝論が現在求められている。令制以前には現キサキと元キサキの区別が存在せず、そのうちで最上位の者を示す称号が「大后（オオキサキ）」であった。現大王即位による生母への追号が例外なく「皇太后（オオキサキ）」とされるのは、単なる令制の『日本書紀』への反映ではなく、実子の即位が最有力化の大きな条件であったからである。実子の即位により尊号は変化するものであり、『古事記伝』以来の嫡妻＝大后から大御母への拡大という通説は疑問となる。ただし、大王と同じく大后の身分は終身であり、その死により入れ替わるので、元キサキが死没すれば現キサキのなかから大后（嫡妻）が二次的に出現する可能性は存在した。実子の即位という結果を重視して嫡妻の地位が遡って明確にされたのであり、欽明朝以降、生母・嫡子の関係が一つの血筋に限定化することによって王族の観念が歴史的に発生した。大后（現大王の実母）または皇祖母（皇統譜上の母）という王族内部における女性尊長としての立場と、キサキ宮経営の実績により、執政能力が群臣に承認されれば、次期大王の指名や一時的な大王代行を経ることにより、女帝の即位は、有力な王族たる大兄・皇弟が若年の場合より優先された。
結論として「女帝中継ぎ説」の根拠は薄弱であり、「皇位継承上困難な事情」とは男性による即位ができないという以上の説明しかなされていない。性差や王権構造を組み込んだ女帝論ではなかった。草壁－文武－聖武と持統－元明－元正の即位は宣命や律令により同じレベルで正統化されており、父子継承のみを強調するのは一面的な評価と考えられる。, The purpose of this study is to reexamine the common notion at the base of arguments against women monarchs, such as "patrilinealism is Japan's tradition since antiquity" or "the ascension of women to the throne in Japan is exceptional." The present is in need of arguments on women monarchs that incorporate sexual difference and the structure of monarchical power. From the perspective of ancient history, this study reexamines the prerequisites of ascension by women, including factors such as age of ascension, talent, court management, economic strength, and the system privileging the first royal wife ("great royal wife") to the monarch.
Prior to the Ritsuryo polity, no difference existed between former and current royal wives. The highest in rank among such wives was granted the title of "great royal wife" (okisaki 大后). The later fact that without exception birth mothers to an enthroned monarch were posthumously titled okisaki 皇太后does not reflect a shift towards the Nihonshoki of the Ritsuryo polity; the ascension of a birth child was a major factor in the maximization of power. As this reflects, with the ascension of one's birth son to the throne, a mother's royal title changed. The above calls into question the common notion that the invention of "great royal mother" 大御母 was an extension of "great royal wife" (first royal wife) in the period subsequent to Kojikiden.
At the same time, the rank of "great royal wife", like that of "great king" (大王), was held until death, at which time a new "great royal wife" would be selected. If a former royal wife died, then the "great royal wife" would be chosen secondarily from among" current wives. Given a birth son on the throne, the ranking of a "great royal wife" became clear. In the period subsequent to the court of Kinmei, the restricted identification of a birth mother and first child with a single bloodline resulted in the historical emergence of the notion of a royal family. Given a record of managing her court and the valued status within the royal family of "great royal wife" (the birth mother of the reigning monarch) and "royal grandmother" (sumemioya 皇祖母, the royal mother of a past monarch), and assuming her ability to govern was recognized by the aristocracy, such a woman could take priority over powerful but young first sons and royal brothers.
To conclude, the notion that women monarchs were "interim measures" has little foundation, while the concept of "troubled royal succession" says nothing more than that men were unable to ascend the throne. Neither is an argument about women monarchs that incorporates gender differences and the structure of royal power. The royal ascensions of the women Jito, Genmei, and Gensho were legitimated through edicts and codes on the same level as the ascensions of the men Kusakabe, Mommu, and Shomu. Any evaluation that emphasizes only patrilineal succession is one-dimensional.},
 pages = {1--17},
 title = {古代女帝の成立 : 大后と皇祖母},
 volume = {108},
 year = {2003},
 yomi = {ニトウ, アツシ}
}