@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001179,
 author = {高橋, 一樹 and Takahashi, Kazuki},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Oct},
 note = {application/pdf, 王家や摂関家の中世荘園は、それぞれの家政機関（院・女院庁や摂関家政所）や御願寺に付属するかたちで立荘・伝領される。本稿はこのうち王家の御願寺領荘園群の編成原理と展開過程の分析を通じて、個別研究とは異なる角度から中世荘園の成立と変質の実態について論じた。具体的な素材は、関連文書と公家日記等の記録類とを組み合わせて検討しうる、十二世紀後葉に建立された最勝光院（建春門院御願）の付属荘園群をとりあげた。最勝光院領の編成と立荘については、落慶直後から寺用の調達を目的に六荘園がまとめて立荘され、その後も願主の国忌（法華八講）などの国家的仏事の増加に対応して新たに立荘が積み重ねられた。その前提には、願主やその姻族（平氏）と関係の深い中央貴族から免田や国衙領が寄進されたが、実際に立荘された荘園は国衙領や他領をも包摂した複合的な荘域構成をとっており、知行国主・国守との連携にもとづく国衙側と協調した収取関係（加納・余田の設定）をもつ中世荘園の形成であった。また、最勝光院領に典型的にみられる立荘と仏事体系のリンクが、御願寺および付属荘園群の伝領を結びつけており、御願寺の継承者が仏事を主催し付属荘園から用途を徴収する現象の原理をここに見いだしうる。
鎌倉幕府の成立した十三世紀以降の最勝光院は、各荘園の預所職を知行する領家（中央貴族）たちの寺用未進に対処するべく、同院政所を構成する別当・公文の主導のもと寺用にみあう下地を荘園内で分割して、その特定領域における領家の所務を排除する事例が多くみられた。下地を分割しない場合も含めて、これらの寺用確保の下支えになったのは地頭請所であり、その背景には幕府との政策連携があったことが推測される。これは領主制研究の枠組みのみで論じられてきた従来の下地中分論や地頭請所論とは大きく異なる評価であり、荘園制支配の変質と鎌倉幕府権力との関係を問う視角も含めて問題提起を行った。, Royal and regent household shoen of the medieval period were established and transferred as lands attached to their household administrations (i.e., the offices of retired monarchs and their wives, the mandokoro of the regent family) and to temples founded by royal prayer (goganji). By analyzing the formative principles and developmental processes of royal temple shoen, this study addresses the true nature of the emergence and transformation of medieval-period shoen from a perspective different from that of individual research. Specifically, the study investigates the set of shoen attached to Saishokoin temple (founded late 12th century with the prayers of Shunkenmon'in) through a combination of related documents and aristocratic diaries. The Saishokoin lands were secured immediately following the temple's completion with the founding of six shoen for the purposes of provisioning the temple. This was subsequently followed by the creation of additional shoen in response to increased Buddhist services performed on behalf of the state, including hokke hakko services in memory of the temple's founder. This growth was premised on donations of tax-exempt fields (menden) and kokuga lands by central aristocracy with deep ties to the founder and the Heiji (related by marriage).
The shoen that were eventually established subsumed kokugaryo and other lands, creating a composite shoen the formation of which involved negotiated tax arrangements (i.e., the creation of appended and tax-exempt fields, kano and yoden respectively) with the local kokuga offices of allied administrative officials (kokushu, kokushi). The familiar connection between the shoen and temple activities as exemplified by Saishokoin effectively tied the prayer temple to any transfer of the shoen. This reveals the underlying principle by which successors to the temple, responsible for conducting Buddhist services, requisitioned their means from the attached shoen.
Following the Kamakura bakufu's establishment in the 13th century, the ryoke of the central aristocracy, who controlled the offices of azukarisho for individual shoen, frequently failed to submit temple taxes. This led, under the guidance of the betto and kumon of the temple's administrative office (mandokoro), to the parceling of land within each shoen for temple use and the exclusion of the ryoke from administrative positions. Including cases in which no subdivision occurred, the principle guarantors of temple needs were the local managers (jito-ukesho), a fact from which a backdrop of coordinated policy with the bakufu can be inferred. This conclusion differs markedly from prior studies of land parceling and jito-ukesho conducted within the parameters of research on the ryoshu system. With the new issues it raises, the study provides a perspective that questions the relations between the power of the Kamakura bakufu and transformations in the system of control over shoen.},
 pages = {75--92},
 title = {院御願寺領の形成と展開 : 中世前期の最勝光院領を素材に},
 volume = {108},
 year = {2003},
 yomi = {タカハシ, カズキ}
}