@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001303,
 author = {谷口, 榮 and Taniguchi, Sakae},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {application/pdf, 東京都東部に広がる低地帯を東京低地と呼んでおり，隅田川以東の現在の葛飾・江戸川・隅田・江東区域は歴史的に葛西と呼び慣わされてきた。江戸時代，葛西は江戸近郊の行楽地として，多くの江戸庶民が足を運んだ。その様子は，十方庵敬順の『遊歴雑記』や村尾正靖の『嘉陵紀行』など当時の史料からうかがい知ることができる。
本稿では，江戸人が訪れた葛西地域の景観はどのようなものであったのかを探り，その景観的特徴から東京低地に位置する葛西の地域性の一端を明らかにすることを目的とした。分析の結果，葛西の景観の特徴として，眺望の利く「打闢きたる曠地」と，川辺を中心とした川沿いの風景であると指摘することができた。葛西は，河川が集中し，低地ならではの起伏の乏しい平らな土地といえる。その土地には「天然なる奇麗にして眺望いわんことなし」と，水辺には蘆荻が繁茂し，開けた土地には草花・木・鳥などの自然の織り成す「天然」があり，また眺望の素晴らしさが江戸の人々から好まれていたことがわかった。中川や小合溜には釣人が集う格好の憩いの場ともなっていた。
18世紀以降，江戸庶民の「延気」の場として『江戸名所図会』の中でも紹介されるようになった葛西は，江戸の人々を受け入れるために，寺社仏閣や信仰だけでなく，茶屋などの休み処が設けられ，川魚料理などの名物や花名所を整備したり，江戸と行楽地葛西を結ぶ曳舟川に引舟を運行するなど，行楽地としての舞台装置が整えられていったのである。
しかし近代以降，荒川放水路開削に伴いかつて葛西と呼ばれた広大な開けた土地が分断されてしまう。さらに関東大震災と第二次世界大戦という二つの災害を契機として，都市化という波に浸食されながら，江戸の人々に愛された葛西の風景は，川の汚れとともにその面影を失ってしまった。, The area of lowland that extends over the eastern part of the Tokyo metropolis is called the Tokyo Lowlands. At one time the Tokyo lowlands served as a boundary between Musashino Province and Shimousa Province, with the Sumidagawa River serving as the boundary between the two provinces prior to the Edo Era. The region east of the Sumidagawa River that is comprised by present-day wards of Katsushika, Edogawa, Sumida and Koto has historically been referred to as Kasai.
During the Edo Era many inhabitants of Edo visited Kasai on the outskirts of Edo, which served as recreational area. Historical materials from the time such as “Yureki Zakki” by the Jippo-an Keijun and the “Karyo Kiko” of MURAO Masayasu allow us to form of picture of what it was like there.
KATO Takashi has suggested that “problems related to the urbanization of Edo and the view of nature and urban beliefs of urban dwellers lay behind the development of extensive recreational activities of the citizens of Edo from the eighteenth century onwards” and says “it was through interaction with nature and empathy with Shinto and Buddhism that famous places promised a ‘kinobashi (feeling of relaxation)’ to the citizenry of Edo.” This paper focuses on this suggestion, and by discovering the nature of the landscape of the Kasai region, which was visited by the people of Edo, the aim is to employ these landscape features to shed light on part of the regionality of Kasai situated in the Tokyo lowlands.
The findings of this investigation suggest that the Kasai landscape was an open expanse with a commanding view and that it had a river landscape consisting largely of riversides. In Kasai there is a concentration of rivers and it was made up of flat land with few undulations as one would expect of lowland. The land had “an indescribable natural beauty” and reeds grew thick by the water's edge and the “nature” of the open land was formed by an interweaving of grasses and flowers, tress and birds. We also learn that the people of Edo were very fond of its wonderful vistas. Nakagawa and Koaidame were places where fishermen gathered for recreation and relaxation.
From the eighteenth century onwards Kasai, which had become a place where the citizens of Edo enjoyed a “feeling of relaxation” and which had been described in the “Edo Meisho Zue (An Illustrated Guide to Celebrated Places of Edo),” saw not only the establishment of temple and shrine events, festivals and religious worship, but also the construction of tea houses and other places of relaxation in order to entertain the people of Edo. The preparation of local delicacies such as dishes made from freshwater fish, the establishment of beautiful flower gardens, and the operation of towboats across the Hikifunegawa River that linked Edo and Kasai set the scene for an area that offered leisure and relaxation.
However, from the Modern Era onwards the extensive tracts of open land known as Kasai were divided up as a result of the digging of water discharge channels for the Arakawa River. While the land was being consumed by the wave of urbanization that had been spurred on by the dual disasters of the Great Kanto Earthquake and the Second World War, the landscape of Kasai that had been admired by the people of Edo vanished as even the views of the sky narrowed and the rivers became polluted. All that remains of the landscape of Kasai from the Early Modern Period are the glimpses afforded by Horikiri Shobuen (Horikiri iris garden) and Mizumoto Park.},
 pages = {137--164},
 title = {東京低地東部の景観 : 葛西における景観的特徴とその変貌},
 volume = {118},
 year = {2004},
 yomi = {タニグチ, サカエ}
}