{"created":"2023-05-15T14:46:22.298592+00:00","id":1308,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"0f7edd95-486f-4648-8aa8-2f6073aefa13"},"_deposit":{"created_by":3,"id":"1308","owners":[3],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"1308"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001308","sets":["21:144"]},"author_link":["3325","3326"],"control_number":"1308","item_10002_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2004-02-27","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"300","bibliographicPageStart":"283","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"118","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告","bibliographic_titleLang":"ja"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_10002_description_19":{"attribute_name":"フォーマット","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"application/pdf","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_10002_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"鎌倉の都市的発展は、御所や御家人の屋敷・寺地・商業地域・墓所の立地等を含め、文献・考古両面から詳細な研究が行われてきたが、災害に注目して検討されることは少なかった。本稿では、火災・地震の発生とそれへの対応、復旧について検討した。\n度重なる火災に襲われた鎌倉の防火システムをみると、若宮大路が防火帯として機能し、家屋破壊も防火の手段であった。また、「大焼亡」と認識され記録された大火災は、市中を大規模に焼失させる大火災と鎌倉の重要施設である寺社・将軍・北条邸の焼亡を含む火災があった。後者が「大焼亡」と認識されたのは、特に経典・聖教類を喪失することが鎌倉自体の凶兆と忌まれた結果であり、特に幕府上層部に危機感をあたえたのである。また、地震発生とともに谷に囲まれた鎌倉では山崩れが多く発生したが、復興の際は「犯土」という土地神を鎮める信仰故か、生埋者の救出や地曳に陰陽師や真言僧が深く関与した。また、地震は社会不安の発生と結合するのだが、鎌倉では和田合戦をはじめ地震発生により兵乱が発生することが幾度か確認できる。その典型例は永仁元（一二九三）年の大地震の渦中に発生した平頼綱の乱である。この事件は、地震のなかで偶発的に起こった事件と解釈されることが多いが、得宗北条貞時の衰日克服と連関して引き起こされた可能性がある。いわば、地震後の内乱発生の予防的措置とも考えられる。\n最後に、町の復興を考えた場合、わずかな事例だが円覚寺では門前居住の「在地之者共」に在家別の負担を決めて作道などの工事を行ったことがうかがえる。寺社・御家人ごとの復興作業が基底にあって、全体的な都市鎌倉の復興がなされたとみられる。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"Much detailed research has been undertaken on the urban development of Kamakura following an approach that uses documents and archaeology, and which has located the imperial palace and the residences of vassals, temples, commercial areas and graveyards. However, there has been little examination that has taken a close look at disasters. Thus, this paper is an examination of the occurrence of fires and earthquakes, the responses to these events, and restoration.\nA study of the fire prevention system of Kamakura, which suffered repeated fires, shows that Wakamiya-ooji served the function of a fire prevention zone, with one means of fire prevention being the destruction of houses. There were also large fires that were acknowledged and recorded as “great fires causing extensive destruction and fatalities” that burnt down the central urban area on a large scale and fires that destroyed major facilities in Kamakura such as temples and shrines and the residences of the shogun and the Hojo clan. Fires that fell into the latter category and were recognized as “great fires causing extensive destruction and fatalities” were viewed as an evil omen for Kamakura itself due to the loss of Buddhist scriptures, and they instilled a sense of danger in the upper echelons of the shogunate. Also, the many earthquakes that occurred were accompanied by the occurrence of landslides in Kamakura, which was surrounded by valleys. When reconstruction took place, priests called “onmyo-ji” and monks from the Shingon sect played a prominent role in the rescue of people who had been buried or when rites were performed for the safe reconstruction of buildings, perhaps because of the belief in “tsuchi” involving the appeasement of the land deities. Earthquakes are also linked to the outbreak of social unrest and it has been possible to confirm the outbreak of disturbances in Kamakura on many occasions as a result of earthquakes, such as the Battle of Wada. One representative example is the disturbance that took place amid the turmoil of the large earthquake of 1293 when Taira-no-Yoritsuna and some of his warriors were killed. This incident is commonly interpreted as having been coincidental to the earthquake, but it is possible that it was brought about in association with the move by Sadatoki of the main Hojo line to override the belief in inauspicious days called “suijitsu”. In a sense, this can also be viewed as a preventative me-asure aimed to stop the occurrence of disturbances following an earthquake.\nLastly, when considering the restoration of the town, although it is but one example, we learn that in the case of Enkakuji Temple, for construction work such as building roads it was decided to have the ordinary people who lived in the area bear the cost. This was underpinned by construction work undertaken separately by temples, shrines and vassals and we may conclude that restoration of the whole city of Kamakura took place.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10002_heading_23":{"attribute_name":"見出し","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_heading_banner_headline":"[共同研究] 日本歴史における災害と開発Ⅱ","subitem_heading_language":"ja"},{"subitem_heading_banner_headline":"[Collaborative Research] Natural Disasters and Developments in Japanese History II","subitem_heading_language":"en"}]},"item_10002_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15024/00001291","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_10002_publisher_8":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立歴史民俗博物館","subitem_publisher_language":"ja"}]},"item_10002_relation_17":{"attribute_name":"関連サイト","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"第118集 収録論文 タイトルリスト"}],"subitem_relation_type_id":{"subitem_relation_type_id_text":"https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/outline/publication/ronbun/ronbun5/index.html#no118","subitem_relation_type_select":"URI"}}]},"item_10002_source_id_11":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00377607","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_10002_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0286-7400","subitem_source_identifier_type":"PISSN"}]},"item_10002_version_type_20":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"福島, 金治","creatorNameLang":"ja"},{"creatorName":"フクシマ, カネハル","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Fukushima, Kaneharu","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2016-04-01"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"kenkyuhokoku_118_14.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.1 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"kenkyuhokoku_118_14.pdf","url":"https://rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/1308/files/kenkyuhokoku_118_14.pdf"},"version_id":"25c781ca-d4e9-42df-aff6-75ad42cbeb6e"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"災害より見た中世鎌倉の町","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"災害より見た中世鎌倉の町","subitem_title_language":"ja"},{"subitem_title":"The Medieval Town of Kamakura Viewed from the Perspective of Disasters","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10002","owner":"3","path":["144"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2016-04-01"},"publish_date":"2016-04-01","publish_status":"0","recid":"1308","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["災害より見た中世鎌倉の町"],"weko_creator_id":"3","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-10-19T02:33:28.339965+00:00"}