@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001316,
 author = {岡村, 秀典 and Okamura, Hidenori},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, Comparing the composition of animal bones excavated from the Neolithic sites in the Huanghe and the Changjiang river basins, pig production spread out widly as a sideline of the farming. It was because a pig grows quickly and the livestock breeding of the self-sufficiency-like small scale is possible in farming villages. However, a complete change to diversity occurred around the 2nd millenniam B.C. In farming villages of the mid and lower reaches of the Huanghe river, pig production continued to predominate, but in Shang and Western Zhou dynasty the royal family started in the management of a large-scale stock farm of herbivores such as cattle, sheep and horse, and began to consume them in large quantities for the religious rituals and the courtesies. Value as a prestige wealth was given to horse and cattle newly by the kingship, and a gap in the consumption of the meat between the royal city and the farm village was extended.
According to the inscriptions of oracle bones and bronze vessels of Shang and Western Zhou periods, it is understood that mutual exchanges of offerings were formed between the king and his vassals; as attendance and offerings to the king, and for the purpose of the religious rituals and the courtesies to the royal family, and as rewards and favors from the king. Making up for it from the archaeology, the royal capitals had several palaces and temples for performing those rituals and courtesies, storehouses for collecting the offerings which came from various regions, and handicraft workshops to manufacture items for rituals made from these materials.
The archaeological appearances of the walled towns in the Huanghe and the Changjiang river basins around the 3rd millenniam B.C. bear some resemblance to the capitals of Shang and Western Zhou dynasty, but the handicrafts and long distance exchanges which became the economical base of the kingship had not developed fully, and most of the residents were farmers, therefore a gap between the walled towns and the surrounding villages was small. The development to the city became possible due to the formation of the powerful kingship.},
 pages = {349--363},
 title = {中国初期国家の形成過程（Ⅲ部　世界観・国家―文明への道2―）},
 volume = {119},
 year = {2004},
 yomi = {オカムラ, ヒデノリ}
}