@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001339,
 author = {薗部, 寿樹 and Sonobe, Toshiki},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, 名主座は、「名または名主を基礎単位として頭役を営み、複数の名または名主から構成され、﨟次階梯的要素が希薄な、中国地方の宮座」と規定されてきた。本論文は、この名主座を村落内身分の観点から検討したものである。
まず中国地方の中世前期惣荘祭祀が、古老・住人身分集団による宮座祭祀であったことを示した。この惣荘宮座祭祀が変質して、一四世紀初頭に名主座は形成した。その背景には、名の変質と山野・用水などの共同用益と名との関連がみられた。名主座成立の徴証とされる頭文は、宮座の「自主性・自治制」を示すものではなく、名を再編成した結果、社家などの主導により作成された文書であった。
名主座は、村落内身分である名主頭役身分の者たちが連合して運営する宮座であった。また名主頭役身分の応分負担は、﨟次成功身分の成功（直物負担）に相当するものであった。そのために、名主座には﨟次階梯的な要素が発達しなかった。
一六世紀後期、中国地方の村落において家が普遍的に成立した。この家を基盤とする座外の村落内勢力と名主座との間に確執と妥協がみられた。その結果、近世において名主頭役身分は家格を示すものへと変質し、名主座は家格制維持の権威的な機構となった。
最後に、名主頭役身分の成立時期、名主頭役身分の身分特権のありかた、神田没収の村落財政上の影響とその対応策、家格制の深化や変化のありかた、宮座「解体」後の実態、及び名主頭役身分の分布範囲などの課題を提示した。, The “Myoshu-za” is defined as “a Miyaza (council of elders) found in the Chugoku region that is made up of a number of Myo (administrative organ of agricultural fields) and their chiefs as its basic unit, and which rarely serves as a bridge to the next level.” This paper examines the Myoshu-za from the perspective of its status within a village.
First, I show that during the early part of the Medieval period, in the Chugoku region soshos (peasant administrative districts) rites were performed as Miyaza rites by groups of elders and men with resident status. These sosho Miyaza rites underwent change, resulting in the formation of the Myoshu-za at the beginning of the 14th century. Factors behind this were changes to the roles of Myo and the connection between Myo and communal benefits derived from mountains, fields and irrigation water, etc. Kashira-bun documents, which are regarded as evidence of the formation of the Myoshu-za, do not contain mention of the “autonomy” of the Miyaza, but they are documents that were compiled under the supervision of shrine families as a result of the reorganization of the Myo.
The Myoshu-za was a Miyaza that was operated jointly by persons who had the status of leading landowners within the local village. The contribution deemed appropriate for these leading landowners amounted to the success of the next successful status (an obligation to provide goods). It was because of this that within the Myoshu-za there did not develop an element that served as a bridge to the next level.
At the end of the 16th century, households were formed universally in villages in the Chugoku region. A compromise was reached over the feud between the Myoshu-za and those with power in villages from these households who did not belong to the Myoshu-za. As a result, during the Early Modern period the status of a landowner with a leadership role in Myo changed so that it came to indicate social standing, whereby the Myoshu-za became a powerful mechanism for upholding the system of social standing.
Lastly, the paper also covers issues related to the period when the status of a leading landowner was established, their special privileges, the impact that the confiscation of shrine-operated rice fields had on village finances and measures to counteract this, the entrenchment of the system of household status and changes to this system, the situation after the “dissolution” of Miyaza and the range of the distribution of the status of leading landowners.},
 pages = {165--181},
 title = {名主座における村落内身分の研究},
 volume = {121},
 year = {2005},
 yomi = {ソノベ, トシキ}
}