{"created":"2023-05-15T14:46:27.175187+00:00","id":1394,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"498e9320-7f38-404b-abae-6c465c329cc1"},"_deposit":{"created_by":3,"id":"1394","owners":[3],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"1394"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001394","sets":["21:152"]},"author_link":["3513","3514"],"control_number":"1394","item_10002_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2006-01-31","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"31","bibliographicPageStart":"3","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"126","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告","bibliographic_titleLang":"ja"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_10002_description_19":{"attribute_name":"フォーマット","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"application/pdf","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_10002_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"近代化を目指し幕府によって進められた軍制改革は維新により頓挫するが、ある部分については後身である静岡藩に継承された。士官教育のための学校設立という課題が、沼津兵学校として静岡藩で結実したのは、まさに幕府軍制改革の延長上に生まれた成果であった。その一方、軍制のみならず家臣団そのものの大規模な再編を伴った新藩の誕生は、幕府が最後まで解決できなかった大きな矛盾である寄合・小普請という無役の旗本・御家人の整理を前提になされなければならなかった。静岡藩の当初の目論見は、家臣数を五〇〇〇人程度にスリム化し、なおかつ兵士は土着・自活させるというものであった。しかし、必要な人材だけを精選し家臣として残すという、新藩にとってのみ都合のよい改革は不可能であった。実際には無禄覚悟の移住希望者が多く、家臣数を抑えることはできなかった。移住者全員に最低限の扶持米を支給することとし、勤番組という名の新たな無役者集団が編成されたのである。\n静岡藩の勤番組は幕府時代の寄合・小普請とほぼ同じものと見なすこともできる。しかし、すでに幕末段階において寄合・小普請制度には数次にわたり改革の手が加えられ、変化が生じていた。本稿では、主として一人の旗本が残した史料によったため、彼の履歴に沿って具体的に言えば、小普請支配組→軍艦奉行支配組→海軍奉行並支配組→留守居支配組→御用人支配組といった流れになる。もちろん、彼とは違う小普請のその後のコースには、講武所奉行支配組、陸軍奉行並支配組などがあった。静岡藩勤番組はこのような過程の果てに誕生したのである。\n小普請改編は、文久期の陸海軍創設から幕府瓦解前までは、軍備拡張の一環として推進された。そのねらいは、無役・非勤者を再教育・再訓練し、その中からできるだけ実戦に役立つ人材を確保しようというものであった。鳥羽・伏見敗戦後から駿河移住までの間は、軍事目的というよりも徳川家の再生に向けた取り組みの一環であった。従来からの小普請に加え、廃止された役職からの膨大な転入者の受け皿になったほか、逆に朝臣になる者や帰農・帰商を希望する者を切り離すための作業もこの部署が行った。\nこのような系譜の上にできあがった静岡藩の勤番組は、決してかつての寄合・小普請制度ではなかった。勤番組には旧高三〇〇〇石以上の一等、御目見以上の二等、以下の三等といった等級が設けられ、支給される扶持米も旧高に対応し多寡が決定されていたが、上に大きく下に小さく削られた結果、全体としては低レベルで平準化されていた。藩の官僚制度は役職とそれに対応した俸金にもとづく序列が基本となっており、幕府時代の身分・格式はほぼ解消された形になっていた。\n負の遺産たる無役家臣集団は、静岡藩でも温存されたが、在勤（役職者）と非勤（無役者）という二分は、幕府時代に比べるとより流動性の高いものとなっていたはずである。能力さえあれば職務に就くことができる可能性を文武の学校（静岡学問所・沼津兵学校）への進学が保証したからである。勤番組という処遇は、原理上、越えられない壁ではなくなっていた。ただし、藩が存続したわずかな期間ではそれを実証することはできなかったが。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"The military reforms advanced by the Bakufu with the aim of modernization were frustrated by the Meiji Restoration, though some parts of these reforms were taken on by the reorganized Shizuoka domain. That the challenge of establishing a school for the education of officers was met by the Shizuoka domain through the Numazu Military Academy is indeed testament to the continuation of the Bakufu's military reforms. The birth of a new domain accompanied by large-scale reorganization of not only the military system but also groups of retainers themselves was necessitated by a major contradiction that the Bakufu was not able to see through to completion, which was the organization of the “yoriai” or “kobushin” that were made up of unemployed retainers. The initial plan of the Shizuoka domain was to reduce the number of retainers to 5,000 and to indigenize the soldiers and make them self-supporting. However, it was not possible to introduce reforms that carefully selected the required personnel and retained them as retainers, which was convenient for just the Shizuoka domain. In fact, there were many candidates for relocation who were prepared not to receive a stipend, which made it impossible to keep the number of retainers in check. All those who were relocated were supplied with the minimum rice stipend, and this gave rise to the organization of a new group for the unemployed that went by the name of “kinbangumi.”\nThe kinbangumi of the Shizuoka domain can be regarded as virtually the same as the yoriai and kobushin of the Bakufu period. However, by the final stages of the Bakufu multiple reforms had been made to the yoriai and kobushin system, which gave rise to changes. This paper relies largely on historical documents left behind by an individual retainer. His employment record follows a course from belonging to a kobushin group to a naval vessel group to a naval group to a guard group to a group of daily attendants. Of course, the subsequent course taken by those in a different kobushin group went from a soldier training group to the Army. The kinbangumi of the Shizuoka domain was formed in the course of such processes.\nThe reorganization of the kobushin that took place from the establishment of military and naval forces in the Bunkyu period (1861-1864) through to the time immediately before the dismantling of the Bakufu was advanced as one part of the expansion of armaments. The aim was to re-educate and re-train those who were not in service and retain from their number those who would be useful at time of war. During the period between their defeat in the Toba-Fushimi War and their relocation to Suruga, instead of fulfilling a military objective this reorganization was more a measure undertaken to renew the Tokugawa family. Not only did the kinbangumi became an enormous receptacle for receiving a huge number of people whose positions had been abolished, as well as those from the previous kobushin, conversely, the organization also undertook the work of shedding those who became retainers at the imperial court and those who wanted to return to farming or commerce.\nThe kinbangumi of the Shizuoka domain that came into being by way of this genealogy in no way followed the system of the former yoriai and kobushin. Three classes were established within the kinbangumi: a first class for former fiefs yielding more than 3,000 koku of rice, a second class for those of “omemie” status or higher, and a third class for all those below. Although the rice stipends allocated corresponded to former fiefs and so were set at proportions of varying sizes, reducing the amount received by those of higher status by a substantial amount and those of lower status by a lesser amount effectively equalized them overall at a low level. The domain's bureaucratic system was based on a ranking system based on occupation and remuneration corresponding to those occupations, whereby the status and rankings from the Bakufu period had virtually disappeared.\nThe groups of out-of-service retainers that were a liability were kept intact in the Shizuoka domain, and there was most probably much more fluidity between the two statuses of the employed and the unemployed than there had been at the time of the Bakufu. This is because providing that one had the ability, there was a guarantee of going on to literary or military academies (the Shizuoka Academy or the Numazu Military Academy) which opened up the possibility of finding a position. In principle, the kinbangumi was no longer treated as a barrier that could not be surmounted. However, this could not be substantiated during the short time that the Shizuoka domain survived.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10002_heading_23":{"attribute_name":"見出し","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_heading_banner_headline":"[共同研究] 近代日本の兵士に関する諸問題の研究","subitem_heading_language":"ja"},{"subitem_heading_banner_headline":"Study on Problems Related to Soldiers in Modern Japan","subitem_heading_language":"en"}]},"item_10002_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15024/00001377","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_10002_publisher_8":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立歴史民俗博物館","subitem_publisher_language":"ja"}]},"item_10002_relation_17":{"attribute_name":"関連サイト","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"第126集 収録論文 タイトルリスト"}],"subitem_relation_type_id":{"subitem_relation_type_id_text":"https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/outline/publication/ronbun/ronbun6/index.html#no126","subitem_relation_type_select":"URI"}}]},"item_10002_source_id_11":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00377607","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_10002_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0286-7400","subitem_source_identifier_type":"PISSN"}]},"item_10002_version_type_20":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"樋口, 雄彦","creatorNameLang":"ja"},{"creatorName":"ヒグチ, タケヒコ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Higuchi, Takehiko","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2016-04-01"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"kenkyuhokoku_126_02.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.7 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"kenkyuhokoku_126_02.pdf","url":"https://rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/1394/files/kenkyuhokoku_126_02.pdf"},"version_id":"41e11ce5-e87c-4de8-9527-4928f42edf35"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"小普請の軍事的再編と静岡藩勤番組への帰着","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"小普請の軍事的再編と静岡藩勤番組への帰着","subitem_title_language":"ja"},{"subitem_title":"The Military Reorganization of the “Kobushin” and the Formation of the Shizuoka Domain's “Kinbangumi”","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10002","owner":"3","path":["152"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2016-04-01"},"publish_date":"2016-04-01","publish_status":"0","recid":"1394","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["小普請の軍事的再編と静岡藩勤番組への帰着"],"weko_creator_id":"3","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-10-18T04:50:49.738507+00:00"}