@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001430,
 author = {西谷, 大 and Nishitani, Masaru},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, 本稿は中国雲南省紅河州の金平県と緑春県で街道沿いに6日ごとにたつ市を事例として，市が成立する上で普遍的に必要となる条件と特質をさぐることを目的としている。
これまで市を成立させる条件として「余剰生産物の現金化と生活必需品の購入」，「徒歩移動における限界性」，「市ネットワークの存在と商人の介在」，「商品作物の処理機能」の4つ条件を提示した。本稿では市のもつ特質として，「小商いの集合による商品数の創出と多様な選択性」，「生産物の処理の自由度と技術の分担による製品の分業創出」を付け加えた。さらに市の成立を考える上で，「交易品としての食料と食の楽しみ」と「店と人数の適正規模」にも目を向ける必要があることを指摘した。
人類の歴史上における交易活動の出現は，生業や生態学的な環境の相違によって生産物などが異なる集団間で，物資の交換がおこなわれたことが契機になることがしばしば認められる。言語，習慣，生産物などの異なる9つの民族が1つの谷に居住する者米谷地域での定期市の研究は，人類の歴史上で市が誕生する条件や異民族間の交易によって市が誕生していく過程を考える上で，重要なヒントを与えてくれると考えられる。, The aim of this paper is to discover the conditions needed universally for the formation of a market and its essential qualities. It does this using the examples of markets held along the roadside every six days in Jingping County and Luchun County in Honghe Prefecture in China's Yunnan Province.
The author has previously established four conditions for the formation of a market. These are: 1) The selling for cash of surplus produce and the purchase of daily necessities; 2) the limitations of travel on foot; 3) the existence of a market network and the mediation of vendors; and 4) the capability to process produce. This paper adds two more essential qualities for a market. They are: 1) the creation of a number of products and a diverse choice as a result of the congregation of small vendors; and 2) freedom in the processing of products and the creation of a division of labor for making products caused by the division of technology. Two other elements deserving of attention when studying the formation of a market are: 1) food as commercial goods and the enjoyment of food; and 2) the appropriate level of shops and number of people.
It is well recognized that the emergence of commercial activities in the history of mankind came about due to the exchange of goods between different groups who had different products arising from differences in lifestyle and the ecological environment. Research into regular markets in the Zhemigu region (者米谷地域) where nine ethnic groups with different languages, customs and produce live in the same valley provides us with important clues when considering conditions for the birth of markets within the history of mankind and the process by which markets are formed through trade between different ethnic groups.},
 pages = {141--180},
 title = {市はなぜたつのか : 雲南国境地帯の定期市を事例として},
 volume = {130},
 year = {2006},
 yomi = {ニシタニ, マサル}
}