@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001487,
 author = {北野, 博司 and Kitano, Hiroshi},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, 小論では律令国家転換期（八世紀後半〜九世紀前葉）における須恵器生産の変容過程を検討し、その背景を経済、社会、宗教の観点から考察することを目的とした。ここでは各窯場の盛衰、窯業技術（窯構造・窯詰め・窯焚き）、生産器種の三点を主な検討対象とした。
列島の大規模窯業地では都城周辺にあった陶邑窯の衰退が顕著で、代わって生駒西麓窯など都市近郊窯の生産が活発化した。理由の一つは流通経済の発達を背景に、交易に有利な近郊窯の利点が生かされたためと考えた。流通状況の検証は十分ではないが、播磨や讃岐、備前の須恵器が入り込むのも瀬戸内海運の発展と関係が深いとみられる。
もう一つは宗教面から、服属儀礼的な意味あいがあった陶器調納システムや、大甕等を用いた王権儀礼そのものが、国家仏教興隆期の八世紀中葉から変質していき、その主力を担ってきた陶邑の須恵器供給地としての役割が相対的に低くなった可能性を想定した。
一方、各地の窯場では転換期に共通した生産戦略がとられた。それはコストと品質のバランスにおいて経済性を優先する方向への変化であった。須恵器窯業の六世紀末、七世紀後半の二度の画期では、各地で生産戦略だけでなく導入される技術の共通点も多かったが、八世紀後半の特徴は技術の選択に多様性が生まれ、その後、地域色が明瞭になっていったことである。大きく四つの地域類型を設定した。
第一は集約的な須恵器生産からいち早く離脱した陶邑窯や牛頸窯である。相対的に自立度の高い周辺在地社会が共同体祭祀や儀礼的飲食の衰退によって須恵器需要の低下を招いたことが一因と考えられた。第二は技術力を生かして産地のブランド的地位を築いていった東海の猿投窯である。周辺は瓷器系陶器の一大生産地となった。第三は流通経済と都市に近い利点を生かし、器種別分業を取り入れるなど新しい須恵器産地に発展していった播磨や讃岐である。第四は伝統的な須恵器生産を継承する面の強かった北陸や関東、東北の諸窯である。畿内とは逆に、須恵器需要を担う在地社会の支配関係や経済、宗教に保守的な性格がみられた。転換期窯業にみられたこれらの地域色は古代末〜中世初の焼物世界への端緒ともなった。, This paper discusses changes in Sue ware production during the transitional period of the Ritsuryo state (late 8th century through early 9th century) by examining background economic, social and religious factors. Its scope extends to the entire Japanese archipelago, and it examines the rise and fall, kiln techniques (kiln structure, filling and firing), and types of ware produced for each kiln while including regional characteristics.
There was a marked decline in Suemura kilns in the environs of the walled capital city, which was a major location of kilns in Japan. They were replaced by active production by kilns in outlying areas of the city, including kilns on the western foothills of Ikoma Mountain. One reason was their location on the outskirts, which was beneficial for trade at a time when a distribution economy was developing. Despite only a cursory study of distribution, it would appear that the bringing in of Harima, Sanuki and Bizen Sue ware was closely related to the development of marine transportation on the Seto Inland Sea.
From the perspective of religion, from the middle of the 8th century when state Buddhism was at its height changes began to occur in the system of the presentation of earthenware, which had significance in subordination rituals as well as imperial rituals themselves that used large ceremonial vessels. As a result, the role played by the area responsible for supplying Suemura Sue ware, the main type that was used, probably became relatively minor.
During the period of transition, a common production strategy was adopted by kilns across the country. This was a change toward prioritizing economy to achieve a balance between cost and quality. In two periods ― the end of the 6th century and in the latter half of the 7th century ― there were many similarities in not only the production strategies but also the techniques introduced to kilns everywhere. However, the latter half of the 8th century was notable for the emergence of diverse choices for techniques, which subsequently led to clear regional characteristics. In broad terms there were four types of regions.
One consisted of the Suemura kilns and Ushikubi kilns that had previously moved away from intensive Sue ware production. One possible reason for this was the decrease in demand for Sue ware stemming from the decline in community festivals and rituals in surrounding society, which was relatively independent. The second region was the Sanage kilns in the Tokai which had used their technical capabilities to build a brand-like status for themselves as a producing region. The surrounding area became a major producer of hard pottery (shiki). The third region comprised Harima and Sanuki, which made the most of the distribution economy and their proximity to urban centers to develop new Sue ware production, such as introducing a system of having different kilns produce different types of ware. The fourth are the kilns in the Hokuriku, Kanto and Tohoku regions, which had inherited traditional Sue ware production. In contrast, society in the Kinai region, which generated demand for Sue ware, appeared conservative in its governance, economy and religion. These regional characteristics seen in the earthenware industry during the transitional period formed the beginnings of the world of pottery that was to develop from the end of the ancient period through the beginning of the medieval period.},
 pages = {251--273},
 title = {律令国家転換期の須恵器窯業（第Ⅳ部　生産論）},
 volume = {134},
 year = {2007},
 yomi = {キタノ, ヒロシ}
}