@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001582,
 author = {神田, より子 and Kanda, Yoriko},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, 本論は、山伏神楽・番楽と結びつけて考えられることの多かった権現舞と獅子舞を、その主な担い手であった修験者との関わりの中で考察した。
東北地方では、中世期以降、修験者が地域の人々の依頼に応じて数多くの宗教儀礼を担ってきた。中でも南北朝以降の青森県、秋田県、岩手県、山形県の特定地域では、修験者が自分たちの霞場や旦那場において獅子頭を廻し、祈祷を行うことが宗教活動の大きな分野を占めていた。近世期に修験者が地域に定着すると、宗教活動をさらに広く理解し、受け入れてもらうために、獅子を廻す傍ら芸能が演じられた。これらの地域に広がる芸能の中でも旧南部藩領に属していた岩手県地域で修験者が中心となって演じてきた神楽がある。これを本田安次は山伏神楽と名付けたが、これらの地域でそれに相当する集合名称が存在しなかったことから、これは便利な名称として一人歩きした。しかし秋田県、山形県地域では修験者が主に担ってきた芸能は、地元で比較的古くから使われてきた番楽の名称がそのまま用いられた。また本田の著作に取り上げられなかったが、旧南部藩領の青森県下北半島地域に伝わる能舞も修験の手によって伝えられた芸能であった。
一方、個々の修験者によって担われ、演じられてきた獅子舞だけではなく、一山を構え修験集落を形成してきた地域でも、獅子舞は重要な儀礼と宗教活動の一翼を担っていた。それは一山を形成してきた修験集落が、他の仏教寺院と同じように、法会の後や、任位・任官など僧侶や長官の昇進や就任儀礼の場に、賓客の来臨を得て行われる延年、それに連なる舞楽や田楽ともつながる総合芸能の姿を伝えていた（1）からでもある。すなわち獅子舞は山伏神楽・番楽だけではなく、延年や舞楽とも関わりがあったことが見えてきた。このことは修験者が関わる場の広がりをも示していることになる。そうした場を想定して、今後は修験者が関わってきた儀礼や芸能を再考する必要が見えてきた。
（1）松尾恒一『延年の芸能史的研究』岩田書院　一九九七　二四三―二六五頁、神田より子「修験道の儀礼と芸能―延年を中心に―」『山岳修験』三一号　日本山岳修験学会　二〇〇三　一―二〇頁, This paper re-examines the relationship between the Gongen-mai and Shishi-mai (lion head dance), which are commonly believed to be linked to Yamabushi kagura and bangaku, and Shugen practitioners who are the main performers of these dances.
Starting in medieval times, Shugen practitioners performed many religious rituals in response to requests from local inhabitants in the Tohoku region. The practice by Shugen practitioners of reciting prayers while twirling a decorative lion's head in their own domains called “kasumiba” or “dannaba” became an important part of religious activities in certain areas in Aomori, Akita, Iwate and Yamagata Prefectures in the Namboku-cho period. Then in the Early Modern period when Shugen practitioners began to settle in a particular area, they performed dances in addition to twirling a lion's head with the objective of making religious activities better understood and accepted. One type of performance that spread among these areas was kagura performed primarily by Shugen practitioners in the area of Iwate Prefecture that had belonged to the former Nambu feudal domain. Yasuji Honda has termed this “yamabushi kagura,” though considering the absence of a corresponding collective name in this area, his term has taken hold primarily out of convenience. However, performances given mainly by Shugen practitioners in Akita and Yamagata Prefectures went by the name “bangaku,” which had been in use locally for a relatively long time. Although not covered in Honda's book, Noh dances performed in Shimokita Peninsula in Aomori Prefecture in the former Nambu feudal domain had been introduced by Shugen practitioners.
However the Shishi-mai played an important role in ritual and religious activity both for individual Shugen practitioners who carried on the tradition and performed the dance as well as for areas where Shugen villages were formed centered on a particular mountain. It was also important because, as was the case with other Buddhist temples, Shugen villages formed on a mountain followed a tradition of ennen performances, as well as other related performing arts also linked to bugaku and dengaku, which were held after services and on the occasion of the promotion or appointment of priests and high-ranking officials when distinguished guests were in attendance [1]. In other words, it is clear that we must take into consideration that there was a link between Shishi-mai and Yamabushi kagura and bangaku, as well as between Shishi-mai and ennen and bugaku. This also illustrates a widening of the sphere of involvement of Shugen practitioners. There is, therefore, a need to further examine rituals and performances involving Shugen practitioners on such occasions.
[1] Koichi Matsuo, “Historical Research of Ennen Performances”, Iwata Shoin, 1997, pp. 243-265; Yoriko Kanda, ‘Rituals and Performing Arts of Shugendo : Focusing on Ennen’ “Sangaku Shugen” No. 31. Association for Study of Japanese Mountain Religion 2003, pp. 1-20},
 pages = {9--41},
 title = {東北地方における修験者と権現舞（第Ⅰ部　論考 / 1. 民間宗教の中・近世から近代へ）},
 volume = {142},
 year = {2008},
 yomi = {カンダ, ヨリコ}
}