@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001678,
 author = {小椋, 純一 and Ogura, Junichi},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {application/pdf, 今日、関東地方低地部を含む日本南部における典型的な鎮守の杜は、常緑広葉樹林（照葉樹林）であり、それは古くから人の手があまり入ることなく続いてきたと考えられることが多い。しかし、明治期以降の文献、地形図、写真をもとにした考察から、そうした通念は誤ったものである可能性が高くなってきている。ただ、これまでの考察事例はまだあまり多くはなく、かつての神社の杜が一般的にどのような植生であったかを述べるには、もっと多くの事例を検討する必要がある｡そこで、本稿においては、古い写真や絵図類を主要な資料として、かつての神社の杜の植生について、より多くの事例を検討した。
古い写真としては、『京都府誌』（一九一五）と『日本写真帖』（一九一二）に収められた神社の写真を、主に現況と比較しながら検討した。その結果、それらの写真からわかる神社の杜の植生は、一部には今と大きく変化していないように見えるものもあるが、多くの場合、今日の状態とは大きく異なっていた。すなわち、今日では神社の杜の植生には、クスノキやシイやカシなどの常緑広葉樹が主要な樹木となっていることが多いが、明治末期から大正初期にはスギやマツなどの針葉樹が重要な樹木として多く存在する傾向があった。また、神社付近の樹木は、今日よりも少なく、また小さいことが多い傾向があった。
一方、絵図類については、幕末に発行された『再撰花洛名勝図会』（一八六四）と初期の洛中洛外図四点（一六世紀初期～中期）に描かれた神社の杜について、主に同時代に同じ神社を独自に描いた図の比較検討により、絵図類の写実性を検討しながら、それぞれの時代における神社の杜の植生について考えた。その結果、かつての神社の杜の植生は必ずしも一様ではなく、神社により大きく異なっていたが、概してマツがある程度見られるところが多く、またスギが神社の杜の重要な樹種であった場合が多かった。また、一部には常緑広葉樹の割合が大きかったと思われる神社もある。, Today, broad-leafed evergreen forests are typical of shrine groves in southern Japan, including the low-lying parts of the Kanto region. It is commonly believed that these shrine groves have continued since ancient times with little human intervention. However, a study based on documents, topographical maps and photographs from the Meiji period onward has revealed that this common assumption is very likely mistaken. However, since not many examples have been studied so far, it has been necessary to examine many more examples in order to describe the general type of vegetation that grew in shrine groves of days gone by. In the study presented here, the author examined the vegetation of shrine groves in earlier times using old photographs and pictures as main sources.
Old photographs of shrines found in“ Books about Kyoto Prefecture” and“ Photo Album of Japan,” published in 1915 and 1912 respectively, were examined and compared to today’s woods. Although the vegetation shown in these photographs was largely unchanged in the case of some shrine groves, in most cases the differences between then and now are considerable. That is to say, whereas today it is common for broad-leafed evergreen woods to consist of Cinnamomum, Castanopsis and Quercus species, in the early Taisho period it was common for conifers such as Japanese cedar and pine to be the main trees. What is more, there were fewer trees than there are today around a shrine, and those that grew there were smaller than their contemporaries.
Pictures from varying periods were studied to determine the vegetation that once existed at shrines and different pictures of the same shrines from the same periods were checked in order to verify the realism of the source pictures. These include a collection of drawings published in 1864 known as the “Saisen karaku meisho zue” (“Reselected Pictures of Famous Places in Kyoto”) and four early folding screens of Rakuchu and Rakugai (Kyoto) painted from the early to the middle of the 16th century. This study revealed that the vegetation in shrine groves in those days was not necessarily uniform and varied greatly depending on the shrine. In general, pine trees were visible to a certain extent in many places and there were also many instances where Japanese cedar was the main type of tree. There were also some shrines where broad-leafed evergreen trees comprised a large proportion of the trees.},
 pages = {379--412},
 title = {古写真と絵図類の考察からみた鎮守の杜の歴史},
 volume = {148},
 year = {2008},
 yomi = {オグラ, ジュンイチ}
}