@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001992,
 author = {湯澤, 規子 and Yuzawa, Noriko},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {application/pdf, 埼玉県入間地域は，幕末から明治・大正期にかけて全国でも有数の綿織物生産地域へと成長した地域の一つである。この入間織物生産地域における有力な機業家であった平岡仙太郎家は大正末期にレース工業に着目し，入間市仏子に平仙レース工場を設立した。平仙レース工場はとりわけ第二次世界大戦後，その生産量では日本有数の工場となり，昭和35（1960）年以降は事業の拡大に伴って，より周辺の農山村にも分工場を設立し，昭和60（1985）年まで操業を続けた。当該地域の少なからざる人々は，平仙レース工場およびその分工場が立地したことにより，農山村生活から工場生活，企業生活への変化を経験した。
本稿では，このような都市近郊農山村における人々の暮らしと地域の変化を，住民の経験や就業履歴に対する聞き取り調査，当時の記録としての社内報『むつみ』を通して明らかにすることを目的とした。その結果は以下のようにまとめられる。
入間織物生産地域およびその近隣・周辺地域において，平仙レース工場そのものは住民たちの高度経済成長期の経験と深く結びついていた。その経験とはすなわち，第一に機械を扱う工場勤務という経験である。これは近隣農山村から入社した女子従業員にとっても，分工場が立地した周辺農山村の人々にとっても共通する経験であった。第二にあげられるのは，寮生活を通して得た，新しい価値観の経験，新しいモノの経験である。農山村の暮らしとは全く異なる寮生活の中で，教養講座などを通じて新しい時代を実感した経験や，ミシンや水洗トイレ，レースとウェディングドレスに触れた経験は，中学校を卒業後にレース工場に勤め始めた女子従業員の当時の記録や聞き取り調査の中でとりわけ鮮明であった。第三にあげられるのは，農林業から製造業への転換という経験である。これは特に，分工場が立地した周辺農山村に暮らす人々が経験したものであり，彼らの就業履歴は衰退する林業とそれを代替する製造業の登場という地域の産業構造の変化と密接に関わっていた。
本稿ではさらに，それらの経験の意味と地域の変化を地域の人々の視点から検討するため，分工場が立地した名栗村に焦点をあて，聞き取り調査によって住民の就業履歴を検討した。事例とした各氏はいずれもその就業履歴の中で平仙レース工場と関わり，林業，農業，養蚕業からレース製造業へという地域全体の産業転換を具体的な就業の変化として経験した点で共通していた。しかし，彼らの経験を子細にみると，人々にとっての変化の諸相はそれほど単純ではなかった。農林業から工場勤務へと変化したことで，就業形態，賃金，生活サイクル，求められる技術が明確に変化した一方で，仕事に対する姿勢や意識，技術向上の努力などは異業種への転換の中にありながらも連続的に持ち続けられており，その連続性によって平仙レース工場が支えられていた。つまり，従来の地域や暮らしが新しい地域や暮らしへと変化する過程は，断絶性と連続性の両側面を含みつつ，その両者が相互に影響し合いながら進行するものであった。, The Iruma region in Saitama Prefecture grew as one of the foremost cotton fabric production regions in Japan during the period from the end of Edo Period to the Meiji and Taisho Periods. The Family of Hiraoka Sentaro, a powerful textile manufacturing family in the Iruma fabric production region, focused attention on the lace industry at the end of Taisho Era and established the Hirasen Lace Factory in Bushi, Iruma City. The Hirasen Lace Factory became one of the foremost factories in Japan in terms of quantity of production, especially after World War II. Along with business expansion after 1960, branch factories were established in the surrounding rural villages. The plants continued operating until 1985. With the establishment of the Hirasen Lace Factory and its branch factories, quite a few people in the areas experienced a change from rural village life to factory-based life or company-based life.
The purpose of this article is to clarify these changes in people's lives and communities in suburban rural villages through interview about residents' experiences and employment histories and the house journal “Mutsumi” as a record of the times. The result is summarized as follows:
In the Iruma fabric production region and its neighboring or surrounding areas, the Hirasen Lace Factory itself was deeply connected with the residents' experiences in the high-economic-growth period. More specifically, the first experience was that they worked at plants with machines. This experience was common to women employees coming from neighboring rural villages and people in the surrounding rural villages where branch factories were located. The second experience was that they came to know new values and new things through their dormitory life. In dormitory life, which was completely different from rural life, they realized through general-education courses that a new era had come, and they used sewing machines and flush toilets and touched lace and wedding dresses. In the records of the time and through interviews with women employees who started working at the lace factories after graduating from junior high school, this experience is clearly conveyed. The third experience was the transformation from the agricultural and forestry industries to the manufacturing industry. This was especially experienced by people who lived in the surrounding rural villages where the branch factories were located, and their employment histories were closely related to the change in regional industrial structure in which the forestry industry was declining and the manufacturing industry appeared as an alternative.
In this article, in order to further study the significance of these experiences and the regional changes from the viewpoint of the local people, with a focus on Nagurimura where a branch factory was located, the residents' employment history is studied through interview. Every person who was interviewed as a case example was concerned with the Hirasen Lace Factory in his/her employment history and experienced the whole regional industrial transformation from the forestry, agricultural, and sericultural industries to the lace manufacturing industry as a concrete change in employment. Looking at their experiences in detail, however, aspects of the change from the people's standpoint were not so simple. Their change from agricultural and forestry workers to factory workers resulted in clear changes in employment form, wages, life cycle, and required skills, while their attitude to and awareness of the tasks and efforts for improvement of skills were continuously maintained in the midst of the transformation to a different industry. The continuity supported the Hirasen Lace Factory. It means that the process of change of the conventional community and life to a new community and life was progressing while involving both the aspects of discontinuity and continuity, which influence each other.},
 pages = {43--64},
 title = {都市近郊農山村における高度経済成長期という経験 : 住民の就業履歴および平仙レース社内報『むつみ』の分析を通して},
 volume = {171},
 year = {2011},
 yomi = {ユザワ, ノリコ}
}