@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00002001,
 author = {田中, 宣一 and Tanaka, Senichi},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {application/pdf, 人は他の人や自然，神とのかかわりのなかで生きているが，第二次産業が牽引した高度経済成長の影響を強く受けたのは，そのうちの自然とのかかわりであった。そして自然と深くかかわる生活を送ってきたのは第一次産業従事者であるため，彼らの自然への対応を中心に，高度経済成長が影響を与えた地域の互助協同という民俗の変化を考える。
自然とのかかわりには，その恵みを利用しようとする場合と猛威を防禦しようとする面とがある。いずれにも互助協同は欠かせない。恵みの利用には，山林資源の伐採加工や田畑の開墾と作物の収穫，漁業資源の採補，湧水の確保や流水の利用などさまざまある。そのうち山林資源の利用は，高度経済成長に伴うエネルギー革命によって薪炭生産が衰退したために様相を大きく変え，農山村部の過疎化を招いてしまった。平地農村部や漁村部においても，大型農機具の普及や漁船漁具の改良によって生じた余剰人口の都市部への流出が進んだ。逆に経済活性化によって新たに施設園芸や養殖漁業が発達し，自然へのかかわり方に変化が生じた。これらに伴って，人力を多用してきた第一次産業から互助協同する作業が少なくなったのである。一方，猛威の防禦としては，洪水，火災，日照り・旱魃，野生鳥獣類などから生活や生命を護る必要がある。これら猛威にひとりで対峙することは困難なので，各地にはさまざまな互助協同の慣行が伝承されてきたが，高度経済成長期以降は機械力が人力に代わるとともに，国や自治体も次第にこれらの対策に力を入れるようになって，それまでの地域の互助協同は後退していったのである。
互助協同の機会が少なくなったことにより，地域社会から互助協同の精神が薄れていったのは必然である。現在よく言われる人間関係の稀薄化は，高度経済成長期に進んだ互助協同後退の影響が徐々に及んできているからではないであろうか。, People live in relationships with other people, nature, and gods. The relationship with nature was most strongly affected by the high economic growth that was led by the secondary industry. Those engaged in primary industry lived their lives deeply involved with nature. In this article, focusing on their actions in regard to nature, change in folklore, influenced by inter-regional cooperation affected by the high economic growth, is considered.
In the relationship with nature, there are cases of the blessings of nature being used and cases where defensive measures are taken against the forces of nature. Regional cooperation is indispensable in either case. The use of the blessings of nature includes cutting and processing of forest resources, clearing of plowland and harvesting of crops, capture of fishery resources, securing of spring water, and use of running water. The face of forest resource use was largely changed because fuel wood production declined due to the energy revolution associated with the high economic growth, resulting in the depopulation of rural mountain villages. In flat rural villages and fishing villages, the surplus population created by the proliferation of large farm machinery and equipment and the improvement of fishing boats and tools increasingly flowed out to the cities. In contrast, protected horticulture and fish culturing were newly developed by the invigoration of the economy, resulting in a change in the relationship with nature. In these situations, works requiring inter-regional cooperation were reduced in number in the primary industry in which manpower was mainly used. On the other hand, for defense against the forces of nature, the living and life need to be protected against flood, fire, draught or dry weather, and wild beasts and birds. It was difficult for a community to confront these forces by itself, and various practices for inter-regional cooperation have been handed down. After the high-economic-growth period, mechanical force took the place of manpower, and the government and local governments gradually put their efforts into taking measures against the forces of nature, resulting in a decline of conventional inter-regional cooperation.
The reduction of opportunities for inter-regional cooperation necessarily led to the waning of the spirit of inter-regional cooperation in local communities. Nowadays, it is said that human relationships are deteriorating. This is because the decline of conventional inter-regional cooperation promoted in the period of high economic growth may gradually be taking effect.},
 pages = {339--358},
 title = {地域の互助協同と高度経済成長},
 volume = {171},
 year = {2011},
 yomi = {タナカ, センイチ}
}