@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00002051,
 author = {鯨井, 千佐登 and Kujirai, Chisato},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, 日本中世・近世「賤民」の権利のなかでも、①斃牛馬の皮を剥いで取得する権利、②埋葬する死体の衣類を剥いで取得する権利、③「癩者」の身柄を引き取る権利がとくに注目される。中世史家の三浦圭一は「牛馬にとって衣裳にあたるのが皮革に他ならない」とのべて、①と②を「同じレベル」で見ようとした。横井清も「皮を剥いでそれを取得することと死体の衣類を受け取ることが無縁なものとは私も思えない」といい、「身に付けている表皮を剥ぎとる権利と行為」をどのように考えるべきかという問題を提起している。一方、③は中世的な権利で、引き取られた「癩者」は「賤民」集団の一員となった。「癩」は「表皮」に症状のあらわれる皮膚の病であるから、③も含めて、「賤民」の権利は身を覆っている「表皮」にかかわるものとして一括して把握すべきかもしれない。
こうした斃牛馬や死体の「身に付けている表皮を剥ぎとる権利」や「癩者」に対する監督権の宗教的源泉が、古くは境界の神にあると信じられていた可能性が高い。境界の神とは地境などに祀られていた神々のことで、「賤民」の信仰対象でもあった。本稿の課題は、そうした境界の神の本来の姿を見極めることである。
本稿では、古くは境界の神に対する信仰が母子神信仰、とくに胎内神＝御子神への信仰を骨子としていたことや、境界の神が月神としての性格を備え、人間の身の皮や獣皮、衣類、片袖を剥いで取得すると信じられていたこと、それゆえ境界の神に獣皮や衣類、片袖を捧げる習俗が生まれたこと、境界の神が皮膚の病の平癒という心願をかなえるだけでなく、それを発症させるとも信じられていたことなどを推定した。つまり、境界の神と「身に付けている表皮」との密接な関係を推定し、また、「賤民」の有した境界の神の代理人としての性格の検証という今後の課題を提示した。, Among the rights of “senmin” in medieval and early modern Japan, the following three attract special attention:  (1) the right to strip and obtain the skins of dead oxen and horses, (2) the right to strip and obtain the clothes of corpses to be buried, and (3) the right to take “lepers” along. The medieval historian Keiichi Miura said “the skins of oxen and horses were regarded as clothes” and treated ( 1) and ( 2) on the “same level.” Kiyoshi Yokoi also said “I do not believe that stripping and obtaining the skins is unrelated to receiving the clothes of corpses” and raised the issue of how to consider “the right and behavior of stripping worn superficial skins.” On the other hand, (3) was a medieval right, and the “lepers” taken along became a member of the group of “senmin.” Because “leprosy” is a skin disease that causes symptoms on “superficial skins,” the rights of “senmin” might have to be understood as related to all the “worn superficial skins” including ( 3) .
It is very likely that the religious sources of the “right to strip worn superficial skins” of dead oxen, horses, and human bodies, and the right of supervision of “lepers” were believed to be in the gods of the boundaries in ancient times. The gods of the boundaries were worshipped in the boundaries of lands and also believed in by “senmin.” This article attempts to ascertain the original figure of the gods of the boundaries.
This article presumes the following: in ancient times, the belief in the gods of the boundaries was based on that in the mother-child gods, especially the belief in the fetal or child god; the gods of the boundaries had the character of moon gods and were believed to strip and obtain human skins, animal skins, clothes, and single sleeves; based on such belief, the custom of offering animal skins, clothes, and single sleeves to the gods of the boundaries was started; it was believed that the gods of the boundaries not only healed skin diseases but also caused them. In other words, this article presumes a close relationship between the gods of the boundaries and “worn superficial skins” and presents the future task of verifying the character of “senmin” as agents for the gods of the boundaries.},
 pages = {145--182},
 title = {皮膚の病と境界の神 : 日本「賤民」史研究への一階梯},
 volume = {174},
 year = {2012},
 yomi = {クジライ, チサト}
}