@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00002053,
 author = {荻野, 夏木 and Ogino, Natsuki},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, まじないをはじめとする俗信の類が、現代に至るまで絶えないのはなぜか。この問題を考えるにあたり、「近代」という新たな価値観が強く意識された明治初期に、庶民の間でまじないや祈祷がどのように行われていたか、それが社会からどのようなまなざしを向けられていたかを検討した。
明治初年代、庶民の生活においてまじないや祈祷などは、とくに病気治しなどの目的で日常的に接するものであった。国や地方行政がさまざまな風俗取締令を出すとともに神官・僧侶らを通じてこれらの「旧弊」をあらためようとする一方、民間でも「開化」を支持し広めていこうとする動きがあり、これらは出版物などによって「迷信」撤廃の啓蒙活動を広げた。行政と民間の活動は必ずしも目指すところや手法が一致していたわけではなかったが、まじないや祈祷を「正しくない信仰」「存在し得ないもの」として位置づけ、その喧伝の勢いもすさまじかった。
だが、明治一二年のコレラ大流行時を中心に一〇年代の庶民の生活や行動を見ていくと、そこには上記の激しい「迷信」撤廃を経てもそれ以前からの信仰の系譜が生きていることがわかる。とくにコレラ流行のような大きな危機に直面した際、人々は従来の病気治しにのっとった行動、すなわち病気を司る悪神、悪霊を追い出すための祭、集団祈願、守札などのまじないを優先し、行政の指導と対立することすらあった。そうした行動は若者が率先して担っていることも多かったり、地方行政の末端もこの動きに加担しているケースすら見受けられた。だが、これらは厳しく取り締まられ、やがて表立った衝突は減少していく。
こうした潮流の中でも、まじないや祈祷は人々の生活に活かされ、地域社会に継承され続けた。その根強さに、まじないをはじめとする俗信がいかに庶民の生活と密着していたかが表れている。やがて根付いていく近代的な制度・文化とも折り合いをつけながら、人々の意識に複数の論理を形成していったのである。, In the early years of the Meiji era, the commonalty used to practice incantations, especially for curing diseases. They asked priests of Shugen-do and temples to perform incantations, visited and paid homage at shrines and temples, posted tags of charm on front doors of their houses to get rid of spirits of disease, and so on. Fortunetelling was also common. These incantations had prevailed since the Edo era.
While the Administration regulated these “old customs” by laws, they made a modern medical system, and made people cultivated through admonitions by priests of shrines and temples. The civilian also tried to enlighten the commonalty using published matters (books and newspapers) . Although these actions did not accord well together in their principles and means, both of them regarded incantations and old customs which the commonalty practiced everyday as “wrong religion” “against modern nation” or “imaginary things”. They made propaganda for Enlightment loudly. This climate had risen until 1874-5.
However, under Civilization, people did not throw their own customs away immediately, including incantations for disease. In 1879, an epidemic of cholera stroke Japan. Patients climbed to 160,000, about 100,000 people died. In this disaster, the Administration handed out antiseptic solutions and prohibited people gathering theaters, and holding Natsu-harai (summer festival) . But in Japanese old customs, summer festivals had been held to drive away the diseases, so the commonalty resisted these dispositions. As they believed that they were able to prevent cholera by incantations, they bought tags of charm against spirits of disease, and often visited shrines and temples. When people paraded their community with Mikoshi (portable shrine) or Shishi-gashira (mask of lion's head) , especially young people joined. Because they did not trust the Adoministration or the police and thought of antiseptic solutions as poison, they sometimes raised a riot for the police and hospitals. Some of officials in community even believed incantations and joined Harai (purification) with priests of shrine. These movements were cracked down on, observations of affairs related incantations decreased presently.
However, we can find various incantations in literature and records of folklore after the Taisho era. The commonalty had retained their own culture in their community. Incantations have been a part of life. Meanwhile, people became accustomed to modern medical and educational systems. They had two different senses; old and modern in their inner side.},
 pages = {201--234},
 title = {俗信と「文明開化」 : 明治初年代から一〇年代にかけて},
 volume = {174},
 year = {2012},
 yomi = {オギノ, ナツキ}
}