@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00002178,
 author = {福澤, 昭司 and Fukuzawa, Shouji},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {application/pdf, 最近，就職活動＝就活になぞらえた，「終活」という言葉を頻繁に目にするようになった。人生の終わりのための活動，といった意味の造語だというが，急速な超高齢化社会を迎えて切実な問題である。終活といえば，葬儀や墓をどうするかが問題となるが，本稿では，長野県松本市を中心とした地域での，２，30年前から現在に至る葬儀の変化を振り返って現状を述べ，葬儀の当事者，寺，葬祭業者それぞれの変化への対応を分析した。
松本市では，20年ほど以前には寺や公民館や自宅で行われていた葬儀が，ほぼ10年間で葬儀社の会場へとかわり，今は葬儀の内容が家族葬や直葬へと急速に変わりつつある。その要因としては，近隣社会が葬儀を担えなくなったこと，核家族化と世帯員の高齢化や景気の低迷などがあり，状況が変化する中でやむを得ず葬儀は変化してきた。この変化に対して，それぞれの立場からの対応がある。終活をする当事者は，該当する地域の習俗や寺，近隣社会に任せきりだった葬儀に主体的にかかわろうとし，様々なアプローチをしている。そして葬儀の規模や内容については，簡素化の流れで「家族葬」あるいは「直葬」という形が一般的になりつつある。葬祭業者は，自前のホールを造ることで次々と事業を拡大してきたが，葬儀の小規模化の流れの中でエンディングの学習会を開くなど，ユーザーを確保しようとしている。一方，大部分の寺は，葬儀の小規模化，簡素化の流れの中でも檀家システムにのったままで変わろうとはしていない。しかし，ここで取り上げた松本市の神宮寺のように，葬儀社よりも安くその人ならではの葬儀を行い，檀家外からも利用者を集めている寺もある。神宮寺の葬儀の人気は，費用面や住職の人柄もあるだろうが，何よりも葬儀への人々の意味付けを先取りし，寺の論理を後ろに納めて，故人とのお別れ会というコンセプトを大きく表に出したことにあると思われる。, Recently in Japan, a new word “final activity” (Shu-katsu) has appeared, derived from “job hunting activity” (Shu-katsu). This is a coined word which means “preparation for the end of one's life” and represents an urgent issue facing Japan as its society is rapidly aging. The focus of final activities is to prepare funeral services and graves, which have changed drastically in recent times. This article specifically examines these changes in Matsumoto City and its surrounding areas in Nagano Prefecture over the last two to three decades, and uses the case study to analyze the responses to the changes from three parties concerned: those approaching the end of their life, temples, and funeral directors.
In Matsumoto City, funeral services were held at temples, community centers, or homes 20 years ago. Then, the venue was shifted to funeral halls managed by funeral directors for the next decade, and now the style is rapidly changing to a family funeral and a cremation service without a funeral ceremony. The factors behind this include the weakening of communities that used to organize funeral services, the nuclearization of the family, the aging of family members, and economic sluggishness. In brief, the funeral style has been forced to change due to altering situations. These transitions have received different responses from each party concerned. For example, those approaching the end of their life have started final activities, through a variety of means, to play a responsible role in funerals, which used to be arranged by following the local customs without any question and entrusted to the local temples and communities. Moreover, in parallel with the trend of simplification, family funerals and cremation services without funeral ceremonies have become more and more common. Driven by this trend of downsizing of funerals, undertakers that expanded their businesses by increasing their own funeral halls have enhanced their efforts to secure customers, such as holding seminars on how to prepare for the end of life. On the other hand, most temples have remained unchanged, relying on the temple patron system, in spite of the trend of downsizing and simplifying of funerals. Only some temples, including Jingu-ji Temple in Matsumoto City covered in this study, are increasing users, besides their patrons, by offering distinctive funeral services with less cost than funeral directors. The reason why funeral services of Jingu-ji Temple have become so popular seems in part because of the reasonable cost and the personality of the chief priest but mainly because the temple anticipated the changing meaning of funeral services and emphasized the concept of farewell to the deceased instead of their religious logic.},
 pages = {235--254},
 title = {「儀礼」から「お別れ会」へ : 松本市近辺の葬儀の変化},
 volume = {191},
 year = {2015},
 yomi = {フクザワ, ショウジ}
}