@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00002405,
 author = {松田, 睦彦 and Matsuda, Mutsuhiko},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, 小稿は，これまでおもに考古学的見地から進められてきた中世から近世にかけての花崗岩採掘技術や労働体制等の解明に，民俗学的手法によって寄与することを目指すものである。花崗岩採掘にかかわる知識や技術は，現在の職人にも保有されている。しかしながら，従来の研究は，それが十分に参照されないまま遺構や遺物の解釈が進められてきた傾向にある。そこで小稿では，現役の石材採掘職人から聞き取った花崗岩採掘の基本的な技術を提示するとともに，この石材採掘職人をともなって行なった小豆島の大坂城石垣石切丁場跡の調査で得られた職人の所感を紹介した。
花崗岩採掘の基本的な技術については，①花崗岩の異方性，②キズの見きわめと対処，③石を割る位置，④矢の大きさと打ち込む間隔，⑤矢穴の形状，⑥矢穴の列と方向，の六点に整理して提示した。また，大坂城石垣石切丁場跡に対しては，割りたい石の大小等に関係なく，大きな矢穴が狭い間隔で掘られている点，矢穴底の短辺が長いことに合理性が見いだせない点，完成度の高い矢穴と低い矢穴が見られることから，熟練の職人と非熟練の労働者が混在していた点等が指摘された。
現役の職人から得られたこれらの情報は，花崗岩採掘にともなう遺構や遺物の分析・解釈に資するものである。さらに，こうした試み自体が，民俗学と考古学との新たな協業関係を構築するものである。, This article takes an ethnographic approach to elucidate the granite quarrying techniques and working systems in medieval and early modern times, which have been examined mainly from an archaeological perspective. Although granite quarrying techniques and relevant knowledge have been passed down to the present generation of stonemasons, they have received little attention in previous studies, which have mainly focused on archaeological remains and artifacts. Therefore, this article outlines basic granite quarrying techniques based on an interview with a practicing stonemason as well as his findings from the field study conducted with him in Shōdo Island to examine the quarrying site for the stone walls of Ōsaka Castle.
The basic granite quarrying techniques are explained from the following six perspectives: (i) anisotropy of granite; (ii) assessment and treatment of cracks; (iii) stone cutting position; (iv) size of wedges and spacing of wedge holes; (v) shape of wedge holes; and (vi) lines of wedge holes and their directions. With regard to the quarrying site for the stone walls of Ōsaka Castle, the stonemason mentioned the following three points: (i) the wedge holes are large and spaced close together, regardless of the size of the stone required; (ii) the short sides of the bottom of the wedge holes are unreasonably long; and (iii) the coexistence of high-and low-quality wedge holes implies a mix of skilled and unskilled workers.
The above-mentioned information given by the practicing stonemason contributes to the analysis and interpretation of archaeological remains and artifacts related to granite quarrying. More importantly, this approach will open a new avenue for collaboration between ethnography and archaeology.},
 pages = {171--185},
 title = {現役石材採掘職人が見た大坂城石垣石切丁場跡 : 民俗学的手法による近世の花崗岩採掘技術復元への接近},
 volume = {210},
 year = {2018},
 yomi = {マツダ, ムツヒコ}
}