@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000285,
 author = {野島,  永 and Nojima,  Hisashi},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {application/pdf, 1930年代には言論統制が強まるなかでも，民族論を超克し，金石併用時代に鉄製農具（鉄刃農耕具）が階級発生の原動力となる余剰を作り出す農業生産に決定的な役割を演じたとされ始めた。戦後，弥生時代は共同体を代表する首長が余剰労働を利用して分業と交易を推進し，共同体への支配力を強めていく過程として認識されるようになった。後期には石庖丁など磨製石器類が消滅することが確実視され，これを鉄製農具が普及した実態を示すものとして解釈されていった。しかし，高度経済成長期の発掘調査を通して，鉄製農具が普及したのは弥生時代後期後葉の九州北半域に限定されていたことがわかってきた。稲作農耕の開始とともに鍛造鉄器が使用されたとする定説にも疑義が唱えられ，階級社会の発生を説明するために，農業生産を増大させる鉄製農具の生産と使用を想定する演繹論的立論は次第に衰退した。2000年前後には日本海沿岸域における大規模な発掘調査が相次ぎ，玉作りや高級木器生産に利用された鉄製工具の様相が明らかとなった。余剰労働を精巧な特殊工芸品の加工生産に投入し，それを元手にして長距離交易を主導する首長の姿がみえてきたといえる。また，考古学の国際化の進展とともに新たな歴史認識の枠組みとして新進化主義人類学など西欧人類学を援用した（初期）国家形成論が新たな展開をみせることとなった。鉄製農具使用による農業生産の増大よりも必需物資としての鉄･鉄器の流通管理の重要性が説かれた。しかし，帰納論的立場からの批判もあり，威信財の贈与連鎖によって首長間の不均衡な依存関係が作り出され，物資流通が活発化する経済基盤の成立に鉄･鉄器の流通が密接に関わっていたと考えられるようにもなってきた。上記の研究史は演繹論的立論，つまり階級社会や初期国家の形成論における鉄器文化の役割を，帰納論的立論に基づく鉄器文化論が検証する過程とみることもできるのである。, In the 1930s, overcoming ethnicism while the government was tightening control on free speech, a new theory emerged. According to the theory, in the chalcolithic period, iron farming implements played a decisive role in agricultural production to create surplus resources leading to social stratification. After the World War II, the Yayoi period became recognized as a process where community leaders had promoted trade and labor division by using surplus working resources and enhanced their control over communities. It was considered certain that ground stone tools such as stone knives had disappeared in the Late Yayoi period, which was interpreted as a result of the proliferation of iron farming implements. However, archaeological excavations during the Japanese high economic growth period revealed that the proliferation had been limited to the northern Kyushu Island in the latter half of the Late Yayoi period. More and more researchers casted a doubt on the established theory that forged iron implements had appeared at the same time as starting rice cultivation. Their claim gradually undermined the deductive argument that the production and use of iron farming implements to increase agricultural production had created hierarchical societies. Around 2000, large scale excavations were conducted one after another along the coast of the Japan Sea, which revealed how iron tools had been used for the production of beads and luxury wooden containers. In other words, those archaeological investigations gave a clearer picture of community leaders who had put surplus labor into the production of elaborate craftworks to conduct long distance trade. Moreover, while the globalization of archaeology was progressing, the Western anthropology such as neo-evolutionism anthropology helped the development of the (early) state-formation theory as a new framework of historical recognition. Many researchers laid more stress on the distribution management of iron materials and implements as necessary goods than the agricultural production increased with the use of iron farm implements. On the other hand, some archaeologists voiced criticism from the viewpoints of inductive argument, which developed another assumption. Therefore, it became considered that imbalanced dependence between community leaders had been created by giving and receiving prestige goods. Furthermore, the distribution of iron materials and implements became considered to have had a close connection with the establishment of an economic base to activate the flow of goods. In summary, the above-mentioned history of studies can also be regarded as a process where the deductive argument of the role of iron culture in the formation theory of a hierarchical society and an early state was verified by the iron culture theory based on the inductive argument.},
 pages = {183--212},
 title = {研究史からみた弥生時代の鉄器文化 : 鉄が果たした役割の実像},
 volume = {185},
 year = {2014},
 yomi = {ノジマ, ヒサシ}
}