@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000316,
 author = {吉川,  昌伸 and 工藤,  雄一郎 and Yoshikawa,  Masanobu and Kudo,  Yuichiro},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Jul},
 note = {application/pdf, アサ果実は縄文早期中葉以降に出土しているが，果実は利用のため生育地から移動する可能性があるため，栽培場所は花粉も含めて検討する必要がある。日本に分布するアサに近縁な分類群には，カラハナソウ属のカラハナソウとカナムグラの2種があるが明確な花粉形態の違いが認識されていなかった。そこで，光学顕微鏡を用いた花粉形態の観察と，画像から各部位を高精度で計測した結果，内孔長／赤道長比と口環部外壁厚／赤道長比の関係に基づきアサとカラハナソウ属はほぼ区別できることが明らかとなった。内孔径／赤道径比が約0.105以下のタイプ，つまり孔が赤道径に対し相対的に小さなタイプはアサである可能性が高い。アサとカナムグラの中間的な形態の花粉は，アサの殆どが内層を外表層が僅かに貫くのに対し，カナムグラの殆どが内層の位置で止ることによりほぼ識別できる。この識別結果に基づき，アサ花粉の散布を明らかにすることを目的に空中浮遊花粉と表層花粉を調査した結果，アサ花粉の大半が散布源から50m以内に落下することが明らかになった。これは散布源の高さが2～3mと低く，風が弱い場所が栽培に適しているためであり，本研究の散布過程の観察結果が過去にも適用できると考えられる。, Cannabis sativa fruits have been excavated from archaeological sites since the middle phase of the early Jomon period; however, it is necessary to examine the cultivation area of Cannabis sativa around archaeological sites on the basis of the evidences of both pollen and fruit because Cannabis sativa fruit may have been brought to the sites from other regions by the Jomon people. Humulus lupulus L.var. cordifolius and Humulus scandens close related to Cannabis sativa, which was distributed throughout Japan. However, the clear difference in pollen morphology in these species has not always been recognized. On the basis of the pollen structure, ovserved using an optical microscope, and the measurement of the size of each part of the pollen image, it was revealed that Cannabis sativa and Humulus pollen grains were distinguishable by the relationship between the ratio of the endopore length to the equatorial length and the ratio of the exine thickness of the annulus to the equatorial length. For the Cannabis sativa pollen grains, the ratio of the endopore length to the equatorial length was lesser than approximately 0.105, with a small endopore length relative to the equatorial length. The intermediate morphology of Cannabis sativa and Humulus scandens pollen grains could be distinguished because the tectum of most Humulus pollen grains stopped at the level of the endexine, whereas the tectum of most Cannabis sativa pollen grains slightly penetrated the level of the endexine. Furthermore, airborne pollen and surface pollen spectra were studied to clarify the dispersal of Cannabis sativa. The results revealed that most Cannabis sativa pollen grains fell less than 50m from the edge of a Cannabis sativa field. As for the small dispersion area of Cannabis sativa pollen, it was assumed that the dispersion source was low (2–3m) in height and the cultivation was carried out where the wind was not strong. The observation results of the dispersion process were thought to be applicable to the past.},
 pages = {441--456},
 title = {アサ花粉の同定とその散布},
 volume = {187},
 year = {2014},
 yomi = {ヨシカワ, マサノブ and クドウ, ユウイチロウ}
}