@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000373,
 author = {福田, アジオ and Fukuta, Azio},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, From the late sixteenth century to the seventeenth century, Japan faced an epic turning point in history. Although there are different views on how to evaluate this turning point, many scholars maintain that feudalism was established during this transformation. It is held that the cause of feudalism was Taikō-Kenchi (the Taikō's land-survey), a systematic survey of the land throughout Japan carried out by Toyotomi Hideyoshi which was continued by Tokugawa Ieyasu.
This land-survey and institutional changes brouioht about by a policy for the self-support of peasants promoted the spread of Shōnō (small peasant); in the later seventeenth century Japanese villages were composed and Nengu (land taxes) were collected from them. This was the theory accepted by many Japanese historians 20 years ago. But there are many uncertainies.
First the deflniton of Shōnō (small peasant) is obsure. What kind of peasant were they? Generally Shōnō were regarded as the equivalent to small scale peasants and understood as a form of faimly. The problem lies in whether this conception is plasible. Didn't extended families exist?
Second, the process by which Shōnō became independent cultivators is unclear. Two processes have been considered. Slaves gained control of land and became Shōnō. Another theory states that extended families split into small families that became Shōnō. The majority of scholars maintain that the process in which slaves turned into Shōnō was most common.
Finally, the social relations and social organization of the developing Shōnō are unknown. There has been scarcely any study of this theme, and many studies presuppose that Dozoku existed, as has been traditionally maintained.
This paper is a partial study of those themes and focuses on Nagata village in southern Kantō District. The results are as follows:
1 During the sixteenth century, there were 30 units consisting of peasants who controlled slaves, independents and peasants who were dependent upon powerful peasnts. After the land-survey they were defined as holding the same status.
2 During the seventeenth century Ie (family) became independent through the equal partition of land, and the number of Ie increased. In the late seventeenth century, the number is estimated to have been 60, after which this figure remained almost the same.
3 Inheritance based on the equal partition of land was observed on each piece of land and this resulted in the possession of pieces of land by several owners.
4 When the formation of new Ie took place, land was equally divided. There was no dominant or subordinate relationship like Honke (stem family) and Bunke (branch family). The village functioned as a comparatively equal organization of the peasants.},
 pages = {113--172},
 title = {近世前期南関東における分割相続と家 : 武蔵国久良岐郡永田村},
 volume = {6},
 year = {1985},
 yomi = {フクタ, アジオ}
}