@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000602,
 author = {笹本, 正治 and Sasamoto, Shôji},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {application/pdf, 戦国時代を境にして、いくつかの消えていった習俗がある。その事例を長野県の諏訪上社の場合で確認し、背後にあるものを考える。
一つ目は呪いの神灰である。一四六六年に諏訪社の御頭役を示す榊を府中の小笠原宗清の家臣が切り折った。上社の神長は小笠原宗清が神慮に背いたとして、彼の居館の堀に神灰をまいて呪った。このため宗清は翌年狂乱して死んだ。一四七二年にも御頭役を果たさない者に、威嚇のため神灰がまかれた。神灰を用いての呪詛は近世には行われず、伝承も伝わっていない。
二つ目は誓いのために宝鈴を用いる習慣である。史料的には一四七一年から誓いのために宝鈴が振られた事例が知られ、戦国時代を通じて広く誓約のため宝鈴が利用された。しかし一五八二年以降そうした例が見られなくなり、宝鈴を利用して誓いをすることも、近世になると知られなくなった。
三つ目は諏訪上社の神殿などが鳴動して、諏訪氏などに危険を告げるという意識である。一四六六年から一五四〇年にかけて、たびたび神殿が鳴動することがあった。そうしたあとには必ず事件が起きた。このため鳴動は諏訪に動乱などが起きる不吉な前兆として理解された。しかし鳴動も、鳴動に対する理解も、近世になると完全に忘れ去られた。
これまで述べてきた事象は、中世の人々が、神を身近なもの、威力あるものとして意識していたことを示す。様々な異変などは神慮として意識され、人々はそうした変化を通じて神慮を知り、行動しようとした。しかし、近世になると人々の意識は大きく変化し、こうした習俗は消えたのである。, A number of customs disappeared after the Age of Civil Wars. In this paper, the author verifies some examples concerning the Upper Suwa Shrine in Nagano prefecture, and consideres their background.
The first custom to disappear after the Age of Civil Wars was the use of sacred ashes for cursing. In 1456, a vassal of Ogasawara Munekiyo broke a sakaki branch, the symbol of the duty of Otô at the shrine. The chief priest of the Upper Shrine, saying that Ogasawara Munekiyo had offended divine intention, cursed him by scattering sacred ashes in the moat of his residence. Consequently, Munekiyo died the next year in madness. In 1472, sacred ashes were again scattered to intimidate a person who did not fulfill his duty as Otô. Cursing with sacred ashes is not carried out in the Modern Age, and no legend concerning it has been handed down.
The second custom which disappeared is the use of a “treasure bell” for making a vow. From historical documents, it is known that, after 1471, a “treasure bell” was shaken to make a vow, and the bell was extensively used for the swearing of oaths throughout the Age of Civil Wars. However, no such examples can be found in historical documents after 1582, and the use of a “treasure bell” in making a vow is not even known in the Modern Age.
The third custom to disappear is the belief that the shrine buildings of the Upper Suwa Shrine rumbled to warn the Suwa Clan and others of danger. From 1466 to 1540, the Shrine often rumbled. After such a rumbling, some incident always occurred. For this reason, the rumbling was taken to be as an evil omen of upheaval or disturbance in the Suwa region. However, both the rumbling and such beliefs regarding the rumbling have been completely forgotten in the Modern Age.
The matters that I have described above show that for the people of the Middle Ages, the gods were powerful beings close at hand. Various happenings were considered as manifestations of gods will. People tried to learn the divine intention through these extraordinary events, and acted appropriately. However, in the Modern Age, the consciousness of the people changed drastically, and these customs disappeared.},
 pages = {195--212},
 title = {消えていった習俗 : 諏訪上社の場合},
 volume = {45},
 year = {1992},
 yomi = {ササモト, ショウジ}
}