@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000612,
 author = {岩城, 卓二 and Iwaki, Takuji},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, 近年、筆者は近世農民支配は武士、農民、「御用」請負人の三者によって成り立っていたという立場から、請負人を必要とする近世国家と社会の性格について論じてきたが、いまだ課題は山積している。そこで本稿では請負人の経営実態と請負人の位置付けをめぐる武士、農民、請負人三者の関係を明らかにすることによって、請負人の具体像を豊かにすることを目指した。検討の素材にしたのは幕領石見国大森代官所で活躍した郷宿である。
第一章では代官所中間支配機構に介在した郡中惣代、惣代庄屋の役割を概観し、第二章では幕領支配に「御用」の請負人が登場する時期と請負人の役割を整理したが、本稿の検討の中心は続く第三章以下である。
請負人の研究は史料的制約のため機能論が中心であり、その家業の内容についてはほとんど論じられていない。第三章ではその研究上の課題に取り組むため、郷宿の収入の内訳と利用状況を検討し、その収入が賄い代、利銀、人足賃によって成り立っていたこと、私的な「御用」の利用が多かったことを明らかにした。この検討をふまえ、請負人が宿である必要があったこと、請負人が私的な利害関係に左右されやすかったことなどを論じた。
第四章では、請負人は「御用」に関わる下級官更と考える武士、請負人は雇用人であるという農民、意識的には下級官吏＝治者と自己認識しながら、実際の行動は農民の雇用人として振る舞わざるをえない郷宿、それぞれの立場を明らかにした。そして武士と農民の立場の違いは「御用」自体の認識の違いであり、その志向する国家や公共性は異なることを論じた。
おわりにでは、近世社会における公職の担い手に対する認識、「御用」請負人の登場によって成立していった地域社会や公共性が、明治国家の地方自治制改革の課題と密接に関わっているのではないかという展望を示した。, In recent years, the author has discussed the nature of the Modern state and society, which required purveyors, from the standpoint that the rule of farmers in the Modern Age was based on three groups; warriors, farmers, and purveyors for official business, “goyō”. However, there still remain many problems to be solved. In this paper, the author attempts to give a full and detailed description of purveyors by clarifying the relationship between warriors, farmers and purveyors, as regards the real state of business management by purveyors, and their ranking. Materials for research were taken from a country inn that served as the magistrate's office at Ōmori, Iwami Province, a demesne of the shōgunate.
Chapter 1 overviews the role of Gunchū Sōdai and Sōdai Shōya, which were located in the middle ruling organization of the magistrate's office. Chapter 2 deals with the period in which purveyors for “goyō” appeared in the control of the shōgunate's demesne, and the role played by them. Chapter 3 and following chapters contain the main part of discussion in this paper.
Due to the insufficiency of materials, research on purveyors so far has been centered around their functions, and there has been almost no discussion of the purveyors' family occupation in detail. To tackle this problem, Chapter 3 examines the breakdown and the income of the country inn, studies how it was used, and makes it clear that the income was composed of charges for board, interest, and charges for labor; and that the inn was often used for private purposes. Based on this examination, the author argues that the purveyor was of necessity an inn, and easily swayed by private interests.
Chapter 4 makes clear the standpoints of warriors, farmers, and the country inn; warriors thought that purveyors were minor officials involved in official business; farmers regarded them as employees; and the country inn while in fact being obliged to act as an employee of farmers, consciously regarded itself as a minor official = ruler. The author further givee his opinion that the different standpoints of warriors and farmers reflected their differing concepts of “official business (goyō)” itself; and the differing concepts of the “state” or “public interests” for which they aimed.
In conclusion, the author showed that the perception of public officials in modern society, and local society and the community that was formed through the appearance of the purveyor, may be closely related to the problem of the reformation of the local autonomy system by the Meiji Government.},
 pages = {39--70},
 title = {「御用」請負人と近世社会},
 volume = {47},
 year = {1993},
 yomi = {イワキ, タクジ}
}