{"created":"2023-05-15T14:45:48.468258+00:00","id":635,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"66fef283-7509-457c-bee2-5228101f1f41"},"_deposit":{"created_by":3,"id":"635","owners":[3],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"635"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000635","sets":["21:82"]},"author_link":["1973","1974"],"control_number":"635","item_10002_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1993-02-26","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"140","bibliographicPageStart":"71","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"50","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告","bibliographic_titleLang":"ja"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_10002_description_19":{"attribute_name":"フォーマット","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"application/pdf","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_10002_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"近年，佐賀県菜畑，奈良県唐古・鍵など西日本の弥生時代遺跡から，豚の下顎骨に穿孔し，そこに棒を通したり，下顎連合部を棒に掛けた例が発掘され，その習俗は中国大陸から伝来した農耕儀礼の一つであるとする見解が有力となっている。\n豚の下顎骨に穿孔した例は，中国大陸では稀であるが，豚の下顎骨や頭骨を墓に副葬したり，どこかに掛けておく習俗は，新石器時代以来発達しており，西南部の少数民族の間では，今日にいたるまでその習俗を伝えている。\n海南島の黎族は，人が亡くなると，牛や豚を殺して死者の霊魂を送る。そのあと，殺した豚の下顎骨を棺の上に置いて埋めるか，または棒に掛けて墓の上に立てる。また，雲南省の納西族は，豚の下顎骨を室内の壁に掛けて家族の安穏の象徴としており，誰かが亡くなると，村の外に捨てる。\n豚は，中国の古文献によると，恐怖の象徴であって，豚の頭骨や下顎骨をもって，邪悪を退け死者の霊魂を護る，とされる。\n中国新石器時代には，キバノロや豚の牙を装着した呪具を死者に副葬する習俗が，豚の下顎骨の副葬に併行または先行して存在する。豚の下顎骨が，死者の霊魂を送る，あるいは護ることができたのは，大きく曲がった鋭い牙すなわち鉤をもっていることに求めうる。鉤が辟邪の効果をもつことは，スイジガイの殻を魔除けとして家の入口に掛けておく民族例があり，また，楯に綴じ付ける巴形銅器の存在から弥生時代までさかのぼることが推定されている。豚の下顎骨は，鉤形の牙と，豚の獰猛な性格によって，死霊や邪霊に対抗することができたのであろう。また，時としては羊や鹿の下顎骨をもってそれに代えているのは，下顎骨そのものがＶ字形の鉤形を呈しているからであろう。\n弥生時代例は，住居の内部や入口あるいは集落の入口などに掛けてあり，死者がでたり，災厄にあったりすると，鉤部に死霊や邪霊が引っかかっているとみなし，居住区の外に捨てたか，または逆に，死者を護るために墓に副葬したのであろう。\n豚の下顎骨を辟邪の呪具として用いる習俗は，朝鮮半島ではまだ知られていないが，弥生時代早期に渡来した人々が稲作や農耕儀礼とともに西日本にもたらした，中国新石器時代に起源をもつ辟邪の習俗であったことは確かである。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"Recently, the lower jawbones of pigs, pierced through by a bar or cord, or hung on a bar at the copula, were excavated from sites of the Yayoi period in western Japan, such as Nabatake in Saga Prefecture, and Karako-Kagi in Nara Prefecture. The prevailing opinion is that this custom was an agricultural formality introduced from the Chinese Continent.\nFew examples of the pierced lower jawbones of pigs have been found on the Chinese Continent. However, the custom of burying lower jawbones or skulls of pigs in graves, or hanging them up somewhere, developed from the Neolithic Age in China. This custom has been handed down today among ethnic minorities in the southwestern part of China.\nWhen someone dies, the Li Tribe of Hainantao sends off the spirit of the dead by killing a cow or a pig. They then put the lower jawbone of the killed pig on the coffin and bury it in the grave, or hang it on a pole above the grave. The Naxi Tribe of Yunnan Province hang the lower jawbone of pig on a wall indoors, to symbolize the peace of the family; when someone dies, they throw it away outside the village.\nAccording to ancient Chinese literature, the pig is a symbol of fear; and the skull or lower jawbone of a pig will avert evil, and protect the spirit of the dead.\nIn the Neolithic Age in China, the custom of burying a cursing tool with the canine of a river deer or pig attached existed at the same time as, or before, the custom of burying the lower jawbone of a pig in graves. The reason for the use of the lower jawbone of a pig to send off or to protect the spirit of the dead can be found in the fact that the pig has a sharp, curved canine, like a hook. The effectiveness of a hook in warding off evil can be found in a certain tribe, in which the shell of Harpago chragra is hung at the entrance of the house as a charm. Also, the existence of a bronze cogwheel plaque with central boss fastened on to a shield is thought to date back to the Yayoi period. The lower jawbone of a pig might have been used to ward off the dead or evil spirits, because of the hooked canine and the fierce character of the pig. It is sometimes replaced by the lower jawbone of a sheep or deer, this being because the lower jawbone itself resembles a V-shaped hook.\nIn the examples from the Yayoi period, the lower jawbone of a pig was hung inside or at the entrance to the house, or at the entrance to a settlement. When someone died, or met with misfortune, they apparently thought that the dead spirit or an evil spirit was caught on the hooked part, and so threw it outside of the residential area, or, alternatively, buried it in the grave to protect the dead.\nThe custom of using the lower jawbone of a pig as a tool to avert misfortune is not know in the Korean Peninsula. However, it is obvious that this custom has its origin in the Chinese Neolithic Age, and was introduced to western Japan along with paddyrice farming and agricultural ceremonies, by the people who crossed over to Japan in the early Yayoi period.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10002_heading_23":{"attribute_name":"見出し","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_heading_banner_headline":"故土田直鎮館長献呈論文集","subitem_heading_headline":"Ⅰ","subitem_heading_language":"ja"},{"subitem_heading_banner_headline":"Essays Dedicated to the Late Director TSUCHIDA Naoshige","subitem_heading_headline":"I","subitem_heading_language":"en"}]},"item_10002_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15024/00000618","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_10002_publisher_8":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立歴史民俗博物館","subitem_publisher_language":"ja"}]},"item_10002_relation_17":{"attribute_name":"関連サイト","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"第50集 収録論文 タイトルリスト"}],"subitem_relation_type_id":{"subitem_relation_type_id_text":"https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/outline/publication/ronbun/ronbun2/index.html#no50","subitem_relation_type_select":"URI"}}]},"item_10002_source_id_11":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00377607","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_10002_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0286-7400","subitem_source_identifier_type":"PISSN"}]},"item_10002_version_type_20":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"春成, 秀爾","creatorNameLang":"ja"},{"creatorName":"ハルナリ, ヒデジ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Harunari, Hideji","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2016-04-01"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"kenkyuhokoku_050_04.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"10.1 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"kenkyuhokoku_050_04.pdf","url":"https://rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/635/files/kenkyuhokoku_050_04.pdf"},"version_id":"bd7e806b-ef98-4fef-82d7-03eafd746693"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"豚の下顎骨懸架 : 弥生時代における辟邪の習俗","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"豚の下顎骨懸架 : 弥生時代における辟邪の習俗","subitem_title_language":"ja"},{"subitem_title":"The Custom of Exorcism in the Yayoi Period","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10002","owner":"3","path":["82"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2016-04-01"},"publish_date":"2016-04-01","publish_status":"0","recid":"635","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["豚の下顎骨懸架 : 弥生時代における辟邪の習俗"],"weko_creator_id":"3","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-08-09T04:43:53.649408+00:00"}