@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000731,
 author = {原田, 信男 and Harada, Nobuo},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {application/pdf, 律令国家体制の下で出された肉食禁断令は平安時代まで繰り返し発令され，狩猟・漁撈にマイナスのイメージを与える「殺生観」が形成されるようになる。鎌倉時代に入ると，肉食に対する禁忌も定着してくる。しかし，現実には狩猟・漁撈は広範囲に行われており，肉食も一般的に行われていた。そこで，狩猟・漁撈者や肉食に対する精神的な救済が問題となってくる。仏教や神道の世界でも，民衆に基盤を求めようとすれば，殺生や肉食を許容しなければならなくなった。ところが，室町時代になると，狩猟・漁撈活動が衰退し肉食が衰退していくという現象が見られる。室町時代には，殺生や肉食に対する禁忌意識が，次第に社会に浸透していったように思われる。
一方，農耕のための動物供犠は中世・近世・近代まで続けられていた。肉食のための殺生は禁じられるが，農耕のための殺生は大義名分があるということになる。日本の社会には，狩猟・漁撈には厳しく，農耕には寛容な殺生観が無意識のうちに根付いていたのである。, Until the Heian period there were repeated edicts prohibiting meat-eating, originally issued under the Ritsuryō system (System of centralized autocracy that was structured by comprehensive legal codes called Ritsuryō, and that prevailed in Japan from late 7th century to the late 10th century: quoted from an illustrated Encyclopedia, Kōdansha), were issued repeatedly until Heian period. As a result, the “view of destruction of life” was created, which gave a negative image to hunting and fishing. In the Kamakura period, the prohibition of meat-eating took root in Japan. However, hunting and fishing were very common occupations in Japan and meat-eating was popular. Therefore, some psychological remedy was needed for hunters, fishermen and meat-eaters. When Shintō and Buddhism set out to establish their world-view amongst the general public, they had to allow them to kill animals and eat meat. However, in the Muromachi period, we can see that hunting and fishing activities declined and meat-eating became less. It means that an awareness of meat-eating as wrong might have gradually infiltrated into society.
Meanwhile, masses for animals which were killed for agricultural development, were held through Middle ages, Edo period and Modern ages. It means that to kill animals for meat-eating was forbidden: although to kill animals for agriculture was justifiable. The “view of destruction of life” which is hard against hunting and fishing, but generous with agriculture, had gone deep into Japanese society though people were not aware of it.},
 pages = {41--54},
 title = {中世における殺生観の展開},
 volume = {61},
 year = {1995},
 yomi = {ハラダ, ノブオ}
}