@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000790,
 author = {加藤, 貴 and Kato, Takashi},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, 都市の境界は必ずしも自明のことではなく、江戸でもその範囲は幕府部局によってさまざまに設定されていた。本稿では、河川交通路上の江戸の出入口に位置し川船改の関所であった中川番所が、番所前を通過する船を査検することによって、江戸の内と外を分ける境界としての機能をはたしていたことに注目してみた。まず、中川番所が主とした軍事・警察的機能の中心である武器・武具類について厳重な通関制度が定められており、これらを通関させることができたのは、武士とそれに准ずる身分についてのみで、商人・職人については一切認められていなかった。こうした通関制度の運用実態を、古河藩における所替物資の通関と仙台藩の参府物資の通関を例としてみていくと、中川番所の査検は他の関所と異なる点はなく、武器荷物、特に鉄砲については厳重な査検が行われており、通関制度がそのまま実施されていて、関所としての機能が第一義的であったことが再確認できた。中川番所の査検は形式的と指摘されるが、決してそんなことはなかったのである。
また、中川番所の商品流通上の機能について、文政四年（一八二一）以降に中川番所を通関できるようになった商人荷物としての硫黄を事例としてみていった。中川番所を通関しない硫黄は抜け荷であり、違法行為とされており、中川番所が江戸硫黄問屋の独占的集荷権を制度的に保障する役割をはたしていた。中川番所通関のために一定の手続きを必要としたものを御規定荷物といったが、武器類や硫黄以外に米、酒、生蠟、塩、俵物・樽物、古銅類、筏・材木、生魚・前菜物があった。これを扱う問屋たちの独占的な集荷権も制度的に保障したと思われる。取引上は中川番所の通関が物資の江戸入津となっていたので、商人の側でも積極的に中川番所を利用しようとした。こうしたことにより、他に江戸に入船できるルートがあっても中川番所で江戸に入船する船を把握できた理由でもあった。, The boundaries of cities are not indemonstrable, and even in the case of the early modern city of Edo (present-day Tokyo), there were variations in the extent of the city limits defined by the shogunal authorities. This paper focuses on the function of the Nakagawa Guard Station (Nakagawa Bansho), which was a checkpoint for river traffic located at the entrance to Edo, marking the boundary between the inside and outside of the city through its inspections of the vessels passing by the station. The primary task in the station's military/police functions was to firmly regulate the passage of arms and armaments. Only samurai or persons of equivalent status were permitted to carry arms and armaments into the city ; merchants and artisans were strictly forbidden to engage in such traffic.
Examination of the actual administration of the customs inspections of the goods and possessions transported through Edo when the lord of the Koga domain (part of present-day Ibaraki prefecture) was ordered to assume duties in a different domain and of the baggage accompanying the lord of the Sendai domain (present-day Miyagi) on his regular visit to the capital under the alternate attendance system, reconfirms that the inspections made at the Nakagawa Guard Station, as in the case of other stations, were especially stringent with regard to the shipping of weapons, especially guns, and that its role as a customs checkpoint was primary. This study disproves assertions that the inspections at the Nakagawa Guard Station were mainly formalistic.
The paper also considers the functions of the Nakagawa Guard Station in the distribution of goods through the case of sulfur, which was permitted to pass through the station beginning in 1821. Sulfur that did not pass through the station was considered contraband and such smuggling was against the law. Essentially the Nakagawa Guard Station lent official legitimacy to the monopolistic control of sulfur shipment by the sulfur wholesalers in Edo. Goods that required a certain procedure in order to pass the Nakagawa Guard Station were known as go-kitei nimotsu, and, in addition to arms and sulfur, included rice, sake, natural wax, salt, goods in straw bags (dried marine products, etc.), and barreled goods, old coins, rafts, lumber, raw fish, and vegetables. Apparently, the monopolies on shipment of these goods by wholesalers were thus institutionally guaranteed. Because goods that passed the Nakagawa Guard Station were considered in business terms to have entered the port at Edo, the merchants themselves made active use of the station. Ships passing into Edo invariably used the Nakagawa route, even though there were other shipping routes into the city. For this reason, the shogunate was able to accurately monitor the entry of vessels into Edo at the station.},
 pages = {295--332},
 title = {中川番所の通関制度},
 volume = {67},
 year = {1996},
 yomi = {カトウ, タカシ}
}