{"created":"2023-05-15T14:46:02.497611+00:00","id":950,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"3f7b774d-ba10-4b5e-9ca7-7162037ce152"},"_deposit":{"created_by":3,"id":"950","owners":[3],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"950"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000950","sets":["21:113"]},"author_link":["2607","2608"],"control_number":"950","item_10002_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2000-03-31","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"162","bibliographicPageStart":"135","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"84","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告","bibliographic_titleLang":"ja"},{"bibliographic_title":"Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_10002_description_19":{"attribute_name":"フォーマット","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"application/pdf","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_10002_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"中世の東国には、鉄の加工に関する断片的な史料はあっても、鉄の生産（製錬）を示す証拠はなく、そこには学問的な混乱も認められる。\nしかし古代に関しては、律令・格式や風土記・和名類聚抄などを始め、鉄の生産と利用に関する文字史料は少なくないし、考古学的な遺跡と出土遺物にも恵まれている。そして何よりも、鉄生産では既に永い歴史をもつ大陸の状況を参考にすることができる。一方、近世になると、中国山地と奥羽山地の鉄山師の記録を始め、直接的な鉄生産の記録も少なくないし、流通・加工の関係史料にも恵まれ、本草家などの辞典的な記述も残されている。\n中世でも西日本に関しては、断片的ではあるが荘園関係史料によって生産と流通の大要を把握できるし、近年は考古学的に確実な生産遺跡も発掘され、文書史料との関係も推察されるようになってきた。しかし東国に関しては、鉄の生産方法を示す史料もない。また考古学的な発掘遺跡にも確実なものはなく、鉄生産（鉄製錬）の遺跡か鋼精錬の遺跡かについて、その性格評価が分かれているものもある。\nそこで本稿では、資料的に豊かな近世史料によって、市場に流通していた鉄の名称と種別を調べ、その鉄の生産方法を検討し、それを過去に遡って中世の鉄の生産と加工技術を推定しようとした。その結果、次の諸点をおおよそ明らかにできた。\n①　市場に流通した鉄の種類に関しては、近世の前期と後期で多少の変化が認められるが、炭素量の多い鋳物用の「銑（せん）」と、炭素量のごく少ない「熟鉄（じゆくてつ）」が基本であった。刃物生産に使われる「釼（はがね）」が、商品として市場に流通するのは江戸時代も後期以降のようで、中世の釼製造技術は、当時の刃物鍛冶の職掌に属していたものと推察される。\n②　近世後期、宝暦年間と伝えられる大銅（おおどう）の発明以後には、直接製鋼を主とするいわゆる「鉧（けら）押技法」が登場するが、それ以前は銑鉄生産を主とする技法が主流で、わが国でも二段階製鋼法が一般的に行われていた。\n③　しかし『和漢三才図会』や『箋注倭妙類聚抄』の記述によると、この銑鉄生産の技法では、銑鉄の他に熟鉄が生産され、これが「鉧（けら）」と呼ばれていた。\n以上のような近世初期の鉄の生産と流通・加工の方式は、中世にもほぼ適用できるであろう。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"Investigating the iron culture in the Medieval eastern Japan suffers from lack of historical and archaeological evidence. Before the Medieval era, there are sufficient historical documents and archaeological information to study iron production and its use. Also ancient Chinese information can supplement Japanese data. After the Medieval era, the records of mining workers, the texts describing ironprocessing and distribution, and dictionaries such as Honzouke are available. The Medieval western Japan has historical documents showing the iron production and distribution. The iron production sites are also recently excavated in the area.\nIn order to study the iron culture in the Medieval eastern Japan, it is necessary to examine the data in other areas and other eras. This paper identifies the name and type of iron and analyzes the method of production based on the early Modern records. The results can be summarized in the following three points.\n(1) Although the types of iron that were distributed in the market differ between the early and the late Medieval periods, the two basic types can be recognized; carbon-rich “zuku (銑)” (pig iron) for casting and carbon-poor “jyukutetsu (熟鉄)” (mild steel). Another type of “Hagane (釼)” (steel for on adged tool), used for making cutlery, was distributed in the later Edo period and it was manufactured by the blacksmith guilds.\n(2) Traditionally, the “zuku” manufacture was most common and the two step iron production method prevailed. After the invention of “ohdou (大[金+胴])” in the Edo period, the direct iron manufacture method, called “kera-oshi” technique (鉧押法), was employed.\n(3) Historical documents show that the traditional two-step method could produce both “zuku” and “jyukutetsu”. “Kera (鉧)” mainly consists of “jyukutetsu”, but it also includes various materials as slag.\nThe iron production and processing technology in the Medieval era might have been similar to the ones in the early Modern era mentioned above.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10002_heading_23":{"attribute_name":"見出し","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_heading_banner_headline":"古代における北方交流史の研究／[特定研究] 列島内諸文化の相互交流―北部日本における文化交流―成果報告 2","subitem_heading_language":"ja"},{"subitem_heading_banner_headline":"Studies on the Ancient Society in Northern Japan / [Specific Research] A Cultural Interaction in Japanese Archipelago","subitem_heading_language":"en"}]},"item_10002_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15024/00000933","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_10002_publisher_8":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国立歴史民俗博物館","subitem_publisher_language":"ja"}]},"item_10002_relation_17":{"attribute_name":"関連サイト","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"第84集 収録論文 タイトルリスト"}],"subitem_relation_type_id":{"subitem_relation_type_id_text":"https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/outline/publication/ronbun/ronbun4/index.html#no84","subitem_relation_type_select":"URI"}}]},"item_10002_source_id_11":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00377607","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_10002_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0286-7400","subitem_source_identifier_type":"PISSN"}]},"item_10002_version_type_20":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"福田, 豊彦","creatorNameLang":"ja"},{"creatorName":"フクダ, トヨヒコ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"2607","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Fukuda, Toyohiko","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"2608","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2016-04-01"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"kenkyuhokoku_084_07.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"2.7 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"kenkyuhokoku_084_07.pdf","url":"https://rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/950/files/kenkyuhokoku_084_07.pdf"},"version_id":"6ca4fc73-1a1c-45c9-87aa-40f402358891"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"中世東国の鉄文化解明の前提 : 和鉄生産における「常識」の点検を中心に","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"中世東国の鉄文化解明の前提 : 和鉄生産における「常識」の点検を中心に","subitem_title_language":"ja"},{"subitem_title":"Understanding the Iron Culture in the Medieval Eastern Japan","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10002","owner":"3","path":["113"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2016-04-01"},"publish_date":"2016-04-01","publish_status":"0","recid":"950","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["中世東国の鉄文化解明の前提 : 和鉄生産における「常識」の点検を中心に"],"weko_creator_id":"3","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-08-28T06:29:44.039797+00:00"}