@article{oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000997,
 author = {一ノ瀬, 俊也 and Ichinose, Toshiya},
 journal = {国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告, Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, 本稿では、日露戦後の民間において活発化した軍事救護―国家主体論、兵役税導入論の論理、意図の検証を行う。あえてそのような作業を試みるのは、そこに徴兵制とは国家救護という手段によって不断に「補完」し維持していくべきもの、という認識の枠組みを読みとることができるからである。この点は、当該期の民間に存在した徴兵観の諸相を解明していくうえで、きわめて興味深い問題であるように思われる。
当該期の民間における軍事救護拡充論、兵役税導入論の多くは、独自の国防観を有する非現役軍人によって提起された。それらはいずれも廃兵遺族、現役兵士家族の困窮に対する単純な同情論ではなく、彼らに対する経済的待遇の悪さが兵士の「士気」すなわち国防に対する意欲の低下を引き起こしており、しかもそれは日露戦中のような地域・民間団体の救護では解決困難（＝「世人の同情」の低下）とする認識に基づいていた。
軍事救護の拡充を法案化した武藤山治（鐘紡重役）にしても、その主張の要点は、廃兵遺族、そして戦時の応召兵家族にのしかかる重い経済的負担が、それを見た現在の兵士、そして将来兵士となる者の「士気」を削ぎかねない、という点にあった。「資本家階級」としてのアイデンティティを持っていた武藤は、徴兵制軍隊の動揺を、自らの経済的活動の基盤に関わる問題として意識した。そこで彼は、具体的な統計も掲げつつ、その解決を繰り返し政治の場で主張した。
武藤と同時に兵役税法案を議会提出した衆院議員矢島八郎についてみても、彼らの運動はもともとは現役兵家族、そして廃兵遺族の悲惨な生活に対する同情に起因していた。しかし実際の議会の場でそれは、陸軍向けの正当化策的な面もあったかもしれないにせよ、武藤と同様に現在の兵士、そして将来兵士となるであろう者の「士気」に悪影響を与えるものとして問題化されていたのである。, This paper verifies the logic and intention of military relief-national aid discussion and possibility of introducing military service tax, which was widely discussed civilly after the Russo-Japanese War. The reason why this study is conducted is as follows; here we can see the cognition and logic of discussion that the conscription system should be constantly filled up and maintained with the means of national relief. This is a quite interesting point to understand the various aspects of civil view of the conscription during the period under review.
The most of the civil discussions of the topic stated above were brought forward by nonmilitary men who had their own ideals of national defense. These discussions were not based on simple sympathy for the difficulties of the families of disabled soldiers and draftees, but were based on the recognition that the poor economic treatment of the families caused the demoralization and the low national defense desire of the soldiers, and that it was unsolvable by the relief of regional and private organizations active during the Russo-Japanese War (There was a decline of public sympathy).
In case of MUTO Sanji (a director of Kanebo company) who introduced a bill of military relief expansion to the Diet, he laid stress on the point that the heavy economic burden of the families of disabled soldiers and draftees during the war, would depress the morale of the present and future soldiers. He had a sense of identity with “the capitalist classes,” and considered the restlessness of the conscriptional military as a problem which would affect the basis of his own economic activities. Then he insisted a desired settlement repeatedly on political occasions.
YAJIMA Hachiro, a member of the House of Representatives, introduced a bill of military service tax at the same time with MUTO's movement. Their movement originated from the sympathy for the bereaved families and the families of soldiers in active service. However, in the actual proceedings, YAJIMA also made a political issue of a bad influence upon the morale of the present and future soldiers, granting that there might have been some measures of justification towards the army. The proposal of introducing the military service tax by MASUDA Norimoto (a former captain of the army) probably influenced YAJIMA to a certain extent, and it was also from the standpoint of perfection of armaments and prevention of demoralization. YAJIMA insisted the smooth carrying out of the conscription system, that is to say the filling up the system, which accorded with MUTO's opinion.
The people who are responsible for the discussion of military relief after the Russo-Japanese War had a common idea that it was necessary to get and maintain the support to the morale of the soldiers and the military service. The main point of issue was the means for that purpose, and finally it resulted in establishment of National Relief and Military Relief Act, which was only for the needy among bereaved families, families of soldiers in active service and disabled soldiers.},
 pages = {1--20},
 title = {日露戦後の民間における軍事救護拡充論の展開},
 volume = {90},
 year = {2001},
 yomi = {イチノセ, トシヤ}
}