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十九世紀初頭における桐生新町の住民構造
https://doi.org/10.15024/00001028
https://doi.org/10.15024/00001028aae3ecf3-17bc-4ca8-a1db-dd0f5977788f
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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kenkyuhokoku_095_04.pdf (1.6 MB)
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| Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||
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| 公開日 | 2016-04-01 | |||||
| タイトル | ||||||
| タイトル | 十九世紀初頭における桐生新町の住民構造 | |||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||
| タイトル | ||||||
| タイトル | The Population Structure in Kiryu-shinmachi at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century | |||||
| 言語 | en | |||||
| 言語 | ||||||
| 言語 | jpn | |||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||
| ID登録 | ||||||
| ID登録 | 10.15024/00001028 | |||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||
| 著者 |
岩城, 卓二
× 岩城, 卓二× Iwaki, Takuji |
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| 抄録 | ||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
| 内容記述 | 在郷町桐生新町を対象とした研究は戦前・戦後とかなりの量に及ぶが、同町の住民構造を分析した研究は意外に乏しい。そこで、本稿では、桐生新町が繁栄から停滞に向かうとされる十九世紀初頭の同町の住民構造について、主に宗門改帳を用いて検討する。 十九世紀初頭の桐生新町では、借屋の増加によって町が繁栄し、富裕な借屋もみられるようになる一方で、従来、町の中核を担ってきた家持には困窮する者もいた。これまでこの桐生新町の住民構造については、借家層が分厚く存在することが特徴とされてきたが、その内実は十分に分析されることなく、下層民と位置づけられてきた。また、家持・借地・借屋の総戸数の変動のみから住民構造が論じられる傾向があった。本稿はそうした従来の住民構造の捉え方を克服するために、家持・借地・借屋の人口動態、奉公人雇用、家族形態にも目を向け、とくに十九世紀初頭、桐生新町の繁栄をもたらすとされた借屋の特徴把握を試みた。その結果、総戸数・総人口が増加し、町も繁栄する文化・文政年間、借屋は総戸数だけでなく、総人口においても五〇％以上を占めるに至り、総戸数・総人口も減少し、停滞へと向かう天保期においても、総人口に占める割合は文政期の水準が維持されていることが明らかとなった。そして、奉公人を雇用する借屋は文政期と変わらずに存在しており、家督相続によって親と同居する借屋も着実に増えている。また、借屋は十九世紀初頭を通じて激しく流出入を繰り返していた。五年以内で流出する者が借屋の半分近くを占めており、桐生新町が安住の地とならなかったことが知られるが、一方で家持とともに職業仲間の一員となり、長く同町に根付く者もみられた。十九世紀初頭とは、流入後数年で再び流出するような経営基盤の脆弱な借屋と、桐生新町に根付き、家持を凌ぐような経済力を蓄える借屋の二極分解が顕著に進行する時期であり、借屋＝下層というような捉え方ができなくなる時期であったといえる。 |
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| 抄録 | ||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
| 内容記述 | There have been a considerable amount of studies on a zaigo-cho Kiryu-shinmachi in both prewar and postwar times, but the studies to analyze the population structure in the town is unexpectedly few. This paper therefore considers the population structure in the town at the beginning of the 19th century, when the town was about to stagnate from prosperity, mainly based upon shumon-aratame-cho (宗門改帳) or the revised denomination records. In Kiryu-shinmachi at the beginning of the 19th century, the town became prosperous as a result of increased number of “shakuya” (tenants) : some tenants were well off, while some “iemochi” (houseowners) , who had traditionally been the core of the town, suffered financial difficulties. For the population structure in Kiryu-shinmachi, it has traditionally been considered as characteristic that there was a major class of tenants. The fact, however, has never been fully analyzed, and those tenants were regarded as lower class people. In addition, there was a tendency that the population structure was discussed only from the stand point of changes in the total numbers of owners as well as land and house tenants. In order to better the traditional perspective of the population structure, this paper also pays attention to population movements of owners, land and house tenants, recruitment of servants, and family forms, trying in particular to clarify the characteristics of tenants that were considered to bring prosperity to Kiryu-shinmachi at the beginning of the 19th century. As a result, the following was clarified : the total number of houses and the total population increased, and during the Bunka and Bunsei periods, when the town was prosperous, tenants increased in number to account for 50 percent not only of the total number of houses but also of the total population. Even in the Tempo period, when the total number of houses and the total population declined, the percentage that the tenants accounted for was still as high as that of the Bunsei period. It was also clarified that some tenants still employed servants as in the Bunsei period, while some lived with their parents as result of the succession to the headship of the family. In addition, the turnover of the tenants was very rapid : nearly half of them left the town within five years, which implies they did not live in peace in Kiryu-shinmachi. On the other hand, some joined the town with their owners and settled in the town for long. At the beginning of the 19th century, a conspicuous polarization was in progress of the tenants with fragile business base that left the town a few years after they came in and those who settled in Kiryu-shinmachi and accumulated economic power that surpassed the owners, and therefore it is impossible to understand the period if we simply regard those tenants as a lower class. |
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| 書誌情報 |
ja : 国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 en : Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History 巻 95, p. 65-85, 発行日 2002-03-29 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||
| 出版者 | 国立歴史民俗博物館 | |||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||
| ISSN | ||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | PISSN | |||||
| 収録物識別子 | 0286-7400 | |||||
| 書誌レコードID | ||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||
| 収録物識別子 | AN00377607 | |||||
| 関連サイト | ||||||
| 識別子タイプ | URI | |||||
| 関連識別子 | https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/outline/publication/ronbun/ronbun4/index.html#no95 | |||||
| 関連名称 | 第95集 収録論文 タイトルリスト | |||||
| フォーマット | ||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||
| 内容記述 | application/pdf | |||||
| 著者版フラグ | ||||||
| 出版タイプ | VoR | |||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||
| 見出し | ||||||
| 大見出し | [共同研究] 在郷町の成立と展開―桐生新町の分析― | |||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||
| 見出し | ||||||
| 大見出し | [Collaborative Research] The Formation and Development of the Zaigo-cho―Analysis of Kiryu-shinmachi― | |||||
| 言語 | en | |||||
