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The second occupation (British occupation) of Macao in 1808—a military operation that also included the Phaeton incident in Nagasaki that same year—aimed to subjugate Macao, a coastal Chinese region contiguous with Tianjin, Ningbo, and Zhoushan, and push the HMS Phaeton further into the East Asian Sea to reach Nagasaki, thus deviating from the Canton system from outside its territory. Simultaneously, Adm. William Drury, the leader of the British troops, entered the hongs of Canton from Macao and demanded a meeting with the governor-general of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, thus violating the Canton system from within its territory. When the incident took place, the governor-general of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, Wu Xiongguang, initially failed to consult the Qianlong emperor\u0027s imperial edict, rejecting a similar demand from the Macartney Mission and, as the British occupation of the fort of Macao continued, allowed Drury to enter Huangpu and the hongs of Canton—a decision for which he, Wu Xiongguang, would be dismissed and criminally charged. However, Wu Xiongguang did consult and follow the Qianlong emperor\u0027s imperial edict when he denied Drury\u0027s request to enter Canton to engage in a meeting as equals and instead granted him an audience based on Chinese tributary rituals.\nAfter the 1816 incident involving the HMS Alceste, which belonged to the Amherst Mission, deviations from the Canton system from outside its territory and violations of it from within its territory, proceeded in parallel: On the one hand, there was the English ship Lord Amherst, which landed in Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai, Shandong, Korea, and Ryukyu in 1832; the American ship Huron, which landed in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Shandong in 1835; and the American ship Morrison, which landed in Kagoshima and Uraga, Japan, in 1837. 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[論文] 乾隆帝の勅諭と第2次澳門占領事件
https://rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2000121
https://rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/200012130d8ab6c-69a9-4732-bf87-1ca776332ab9
名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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kenkyuhokoku_239_03.pdf (891.88 kB)
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Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||||||||
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公開日 | 2024-03-31 | |||||||||||
タイトル | ||||||||||||
言語 | ja | |||||||||||
タイトル | [論文] 乾隆帝の勅諭と第2次澳門占領事件 | |||||||||||
タイトル | ||||||||||||
言語 | en | |||||||||||
タイトル | [Article] The Imperial Edict of the Qianlong Emperor and the Second Occupation (British occupation) of Macao in 1808 | |||||||||||
言語 | ||||||||||||
言語 | jpn | |||||||||||
キーワード | ||||||||||||
言語 | ja | |||||||||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
主題 | 広東体制 | |||||||||||
キーワード | ||||||||||||
言語 | ja | |||||||||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
主題 | マカートニー使節団 | |||||||||||
キーワード | ||||||||||||
言語 | ja | |||||||||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
主題 | 乾隆帝の勅諭 | |||||||||||
キーワード | ||||||||||||
言語 | ja | |||||||||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
主題 | 第2次澳門占領事件 | |||||||||||
キーワード | ||||||||||||
言語 | ja | |||||||||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
主題 | フェートン号 | |||||||||||
キーワード | ||||||||||||
言語 | en | |||||||||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
主題 | the Canton System | |||||||||||
キーワード | ||||||||||||
言語 | en | |||||||||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
主題 | Macartney's Mission | |||||||||||
キーワード | ||||||||||||
言語 | en | |||||||||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
主題 | imperial edict of the Qianlong Emperor | |||||||||||
キーワード | ||||||||||||
言語 | en | |||||||||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
主題 | the British occupation of Macao in 1808 | |||||||||||
キーワード | ||||||||||||
言語 | en | |||||||||||
主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
主題 | the Phaeton incident in Nagasaki | |||||||||||
資源タイプ | ||||||||||||
資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||||||||
資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||||||||
著者 |
村尾, 進
× 村尾, 進
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抄録 | ||||||||||||
内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||||
内容記述 | 「広東体制」は,質とスケールを異にしながら重層する複数の機能を,その領域を使って同時に統制する,中国側から構成された機構である。1793年のマカートニー使節団に続く,イギリスによる1808年の第2次澳門占領事件(長崎におけるフェートン号事件をその一環としていた)は,中国沿海地方の天津・寧波・舟山と接続する澳門の占領を企て,さらに澳門と省城の間の境界を越えて,深く東アジア海域内に入り込み長崎に到ったという点において「広東体制」の領域の外部に逸脱し,同時に軍隊を率いた海軍少将ドルリーが澳門から省城広州に進入し総督との会見を要求したという点では「広東体制」の領域の内部を侵犯するものであった。この事件に際して両広総督呉熊光は,当初,乾隆帝の勅諭(マカートニー使節団が提出した呈禀中の6条にわたる要求に反駁したこの勅諭を継承し,これに準拠することが広東官僚に指示されていた)を参照することを怠り,イギリス兵による澳門砲台占領の長期化およびドルリーの黄埔・省城十三行への進入を許した廉で罷免・問罪されたが,他方,省城においては乾隆帝の勅諭を踏まえた朝貢儀礼にもとづく謁見を設定し,対等の会見を求めるドルリーの省城入城を許さなかった。その後,第2次澳門占領事件と同様の性格を持つアマースト使節団を経て,「広東体制」を逸脱・侵犯する運動は,かたや1832年のロード・アマースト号(厦門・福州・寧波・上海・山東・朝鮮・琉球),1835年のヒューロン号(福建・浙江・江蘇・山東),1837年のモリソン号(日本の鹿児島・浦賀),かたや1830年のベインズ事件(省城十三行における増築と女性の滞在)・1834年のネピア事件(貿易監督官ネピアによる省城十三行進入および対等のコミュニケーション・会見の要求)という互いに独立した2つのベクトルへと分岐し,やがて前者はアヘン戦争を経た南京条約による五港開港(これはやがて日本の開国にも連動していく),後者は広州入城問題とアロー戦争を経た北京条約による外国公使の北京常駐へとそれぞれ逢着することになる。 | |||||||||||
言語 | ja | |||||||||||
抄録 | ||||||||||||
内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||||
内容記述 | The Canton system was a mechanism that sought to control multiple complex functions using the territory of Canton. The second occupation (British occupation) of Macao in 1808—a military operation that also included the Phaeton incident in Nagasaki that same year—aimed to subjugate Macao, a coastal Chinese region contiguous with Tianjin, Ningbo, and Zhoushan, and push the HMS Phaeton further into the East Asian Sea to reach Nagasaki, thus deviating from the Canton system from outside its territory. Simultaneously, Adm. William Drury, the leader of the British troops, entered the hongs of Canton from Macao and demanded a meeting with the governor-general of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, thus violating the Canton system from within its territory. When the incident took place, the governor-general of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, Wu Xiongguang, initially failed to consult the Qianlong emperor's imperial edict, rejecting a similar demand from the Macartney Mission and, as the British occupation of the fort of Macao continued, allowed Drury to enter Huangpu and the hongs of Canton—a decision for which he, Wu Xiongguang, would be dismissed and criminally charged. However, Wu Xiongguang did consult and follow the Qianlong emperor's imperial edict when he denied Drury's request to enter Canton to engage in a meeting as equals and instead granted him an audience based on Chinese tributary rituals. After the 1816 incident involving the HMS Alceste, which belonged to the Amherst Mission, deviations from the Canton system from outside its territory and violations of it from within its territory, proceeded in parallel: On the one hand, there was the English ship Lord Amherst, which landed in Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai, Shandong, Korea, and Ryukyu in 1832; the American ship Huron, which landed in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Shandong in 1835; and the American ship Morrison, which landed in Kagoshima and Uraga, Japan, in 1837. On the other hand, there was the Baynes incident, when William Baynes, with no authorization, reorganized the hongs of Canton and brought women there in 1830, and the Napier incident, when William John Napier, chief superintendent of the British trade in China, entered the hongs of Canton and demanded equal communication with the Chinese side and a meeting with the governor-general of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces in 1834. Afterward, the first of a series of events led to the opening of five treaty ports following the Treaty of Nanjing after the Opium War, which was later linked to the opening of Japanese ports as well. The second event continued with a question of entry into the city of Canton and led to appointing foreign ministers to the court of Beijing at the 1860 Beijing Convention after the Arrow War. |
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言語 | en | |||||||||||
書誌情報 |
ja : 国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 en : Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History 巻 239, p. 39-74, 発行日 2022-09-30 |
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出版者 | ||||||||||||
言語 | ja | |||||||||||
出版者 | 国立歴史民俗博物館 | |||||||||||
ISSN | ||||||||||||
収録物識別子タイプ | PISSN | |||||||||||
収録物識別子 | 0286-7400 | |||||||||||
書誌レコードID | ||||||||||||
収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||||||||
収録物識別子 | AN00377607 | |||||||||||
著者版フラグ | ||||||||||||
出版タイプ | VoR | |||||||||||
出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||||||||
見出し | ||||||||||||
大見出し | [共同研究] 近世近代転換期東アジア国際関係史の再検討―日本・中国・シャムの相互比較から― | |||||||||||
言語 | ja | |||||||||||
見出し | ||||||||||||
大見出し | [Collaborative Research] Re-examination of History of East Asian International Relations of the Transitional Period from Early Modern to Modern : A Comparison of Japan, China, and Siam | |||||||||||
言語 | en |