{"_buckets": {"deposit": "c4bf8d45-a8f8-4692-8ae0-fd235e0b269d"}, "_deposit": {"created_by": 3, "id": "2048", "owners": [3], "pid": {"revision_id": 0, "type": "depid", "value": "2048"}, "status": "published"}, "_oai": {"id": "oai:rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00002048", "sets": ["201"]}, "author_link": ["4842", "4843"], "control_number": "2048", "item_10002_biblio_info_7": {"attribute_name": "書誌情報", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"bibliographicIssueDates": {"bibliographicIssueDate": "2012-03-30", "bibliographicIssueDateType": "Issued"}, "bibliographicPageEnd": "118", "bibliographicPageStart": "95", "bibliographicVolumeNumber": "174", "bibliographic_titles": [{"bibliographic_title": "国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告", "bibliographic_titleLang": "ja"}, {"bibliographic_title": "Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History", "bibliographic_titleLang": "en"}]}]}, "item_10002_description_19": {"attribute_name": "フォーマット", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_description": "application/pdf", "subitem_description_type": "Other"}]}, "item_10002_description_5": {"attribute_name": "抄録", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_description": "日中戦争中の弾丸除けの御守である千人針や日の丸の寄書きを見ていると、かなり頻繁に出てくる見慣れない漢字のような文字「[扌+合+辛][扌+台][扌+合+辛][扌+包+口]（サムハラ）」。その文字は千人針のみならず衣服に書き込まれたり、お守りとして携帯された紙片に書かれたり、戦時中の資料に様々な形で見られサムハラ信仰とも言うべき習俗であることが分かる。\n戦時中のサムハラ信仰は、弾丸除け信仰の一つに集約されていたと考えられるが、その始まりは少なくとも江戸時代に遡り、その内容は、怪我除け、虫除け、地震除けなど多岐にわたっていた。「耳囊」をはじめとした江戸期の随筆にこの奇妙なる文字、あるいは符字とも呼ばれる特殊な漢字が度々紹介されている。\nその後、明治時代になり、日清・日露戦争といった他国との戦争に際して、弾丸除けのまじないとして、活躍することとなる。出征する兵士に持たせるお守りとして大量に配られ、その奇妙なる文字は兵士たちの間で弾丸除けの俗信として広がっていった。\nなかでも田中富三郎という人物の活動がサムハラ信仰を全国的に知らしめるきっかけとなり、戦時中のサムハラ信仰を全国的に普及させ、現在のサムハラ神社に引き継がれている。\n俗信の研究の重要性は、宗教などに権威化されたお札などと違って、民間信仰のなかから生まれ、少しずつ様々な意味づけがなされ、いつの間にか人々がその奇跡を信じ、成立するものである。戦時中の人々は、弾丸除けの俗信を信じることで、その現実を乗りきろうとした。\nこうした俗信の由来は、その時代時代に信じやすいように様々な逸話が加えられ、加工されていく。その時代のなかで解釈することと、その俗信の変化を通史的に整理することと、その両面が研究として必要となる。\nサムハラ信仰の研究は少なからずあるが、断片的であり、通史的に現代までを俯瞰する研究はない。本稿では、江戸期に始まるサムハラ信仰を現代まで俯瞰することを目的とする。", "subitem_description_type": "Abstract"}, {"subitem_description": "“Samuhara,” which is a group of letters like unfamiliar kanji, appears very often in senninbari, which is a charm against bullets during the war, and hinomaru yosegaki. The letters were not only written on senninbari but also on clothes and pieces of paper to be carried as charms and appear in wartime materials in various forms, which indicates that the custom was what could be called the samuhara belief.\nThe wartime samuhara belief would have been focused on a single belief to protect against bullets. However, when it started in the Edo period, its contents varied from protection against injuries to that against insects, and earthquakes, etc. Essays from the Edo period, including “Mimibukuro,” often introduce these strange letters or kanji, known as fuji.\nDuring the Meiji period, these letters played an important role as a charm against bullets in wars against other countries, such as the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War. They were also distributed as charms to the soldiers who went to war, and became known among soldiers as a popular belief to protect against bullets.\nIn particular, Tanaka Tomisaburo took the initiative to ensure the samuhara belief was known nationwide. Because of him, the wartime samuhara belief spread nationwide and was inherited by the current samuhara shrine.\nThe study of these folk beliefs is important for the following reasons. Unlike talismans authorized by religions, folk beliefs were born from popular beliefs. They gradually gained various meanings until eventually the miracles were believed in by people and became established. Wartime people attempted to surpass the reality by trusting in such folk beliefs.\nVarious anecdotes were added to the original folk beliefs to make them more plausible in each period. Both interpretations of each period and an overview of the changes in folk beliefs over history will be necessary for the study.\nAlthough there have been many studies of the samuhara belief, they are fragmented, and none provide an overview of the complete history to the present. This article is an attempt to provide an overview of the samuhara belief from the Edo period when it started to the present.", "subitem_description_type": "Abstract"}]}, "item_10002_heading_23": {"attribute_name": "見出し", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_heading_banner_headline": "[共同研究] 兆・応・禁・呪の民俗誌", "subitem_heading_language": "ja"}, {"subitem_heading_banner_headline": "[Collaborative Research] Popular magazines on Omens, Knowledge, Taboos and Magic", "subitem_heading_language": "en"}]}, "item_10002_identifier_registration": {"attribute_name": "ID登録", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_identifier_reg_text": "10.15024/00002031", "subitem_identifier_reg_type": "JaLC"}]}, "item_10002_publisher_8": {"attribute_name": "出版者", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_publisher": "国立歴史民俗博物館", "subitem_publisher_language": "ja"}]}, "item_10002_relation_17": {"attribute_name": "関連サイト", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_relation_name": [{"subitem_relation_name_text": "第174集 収録論文 タイトルリスト"}], "subitem_relation_type_id": {"subitem_relation_type_id_text": "https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/outline/publication/ronbun/ronbun7/index.html#no174", "subitem_relation_type_select": "URI"}}]}, "item_10002_source_id_11": {"attribute_name": "書誌レコードID", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "AN00377607", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "NCID"}]}, "item_10002_source_id_9": {"attribute_name": "ISSN", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "0286-7400", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "PISSN"}]}, "item_10002_version_type_20": {"attribute_name": "著者版フラグ", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_version_resource": "http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85", "subitem_version_type": "VoR"}]}, "item_creator": {"attribute_name": "著者", "attribute_type": "creator", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "渡邉, 一弘", "creatorNameLang": "ja"}, {"creatorName": "ワタナベ, カズヒロ", "creatorNameLang": "ja-Kana"}], "nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "4842", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Watanabe, Kazuhiro", "creatorNameLang": "en"}], "nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "4843", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}]}]}, "item_files": {"attribute_name": "ファイル情報", "attribute_type": "file", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"accessrole": "open_date", "date": [{"dateType": "Available", "dateValue": "2016-04-01"}], "displaytype": "detail", "download_preview_message": "", "file_order": 0, "filename": "kenkyuhokoku_174_07.pdf", "filesize": [{"value": "1.5 MB"}], "format": "application/pdf", "future_date_message": "", "is_thumbnail": false, "licensetype": "license_free", "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size": 1500000.0, "url": {"label": "kenkyuhokoku_174_07.pdf", "url": "https://rekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2048/files/kenkyuhokoku_174_07.pdf"}, "version_id": "c91dd88d-10d7-4dbd-b0d2-1a97ebbe19ed"}]}, "item_keyword": {"attribute_name": "キーワード", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_subject": "俗信", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "信仰", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "戦争", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "符字", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "弾丸除け", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "怪我除け", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "Folk belief", "subitem_subject_language": "en", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "religious belief", "subitem_subject_language": "en", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "war", "subitem_subject_language": "en", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "fuji", "subitem_subject_language": "en", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "protection against bullets", "subitem_subject_language": "en", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}, {"subitem_subject": "protection against injuries", "subitem_subject_language": "en", "subitem_subject_scheme": "Other"}]}, "item_language": {"attribute_name": "言語", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_language": "jpn"}]}, "item_resource_type": {"attribute_name": "資源タイプ", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"resourcetype": "departmental bulletin paper", "resourceuri": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]}, "item_title": "サムハラ信仰についての研究 : 怪我除けから弾丸除けへの変容", "item_titles": {"attribute_name": "タイトル", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_title": "サムハラ信仰についての研究 : 怪我除けから弾丸除けへの変容", "subitem_title_language": "ja"}, {"subitem_title": "Study of Samuhara Belief : Transformation from Protection against Injuries to Protection against Bullets", "subitem_title_language": "en"}]}, "item_type_id": "10002", "owner": "3", "path": ["201"], "permalink_uri": "https://doi.org/10.15024/00002031", "pubdate": {"attribute_name": "PubDate", "attribute_value": "2016-04-01"}, "publish_date": "2016-04-01", "publish_status": "0", "recid": "2048", "relation": {}, "relation_version_is_last": true, "title": ["サムハラ信仰についての研究 : 怪我除けから弾丸除けへの変容"], "weko_shared_id": -1}