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古代の郡家と里・郷
https://doi.org/10.15024/00000237
https://doi.org/10.15024/0000023788b6c3ba-8908-408c-a82a-1ae2f1c58e5a
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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kenkyuhokoku_178_10 (2.0 MB)
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| Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||||||||
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| 公開日 | 2016-01-04 | |||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||
| タイトル | 古代の郡家と里・郷 | |||||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||||
| タイトル | Ancient Public Offices and Neighborhoods/Rural Townships | |||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||
| 言語 | ||||||||||||
| 言語 | jpn | |||||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
| 主題 | 郡家と里 | |||||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
| 主題 | 郷の運用実態 | |||||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
| 主題 | 郡内の分割統治 | |||||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
| 主題 | 郡家所在郷 | |||||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
| 主題 | 里長 | |||||||||||
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| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
| 主題 | 里刀自 | |||||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
| 主題 | the reality of application of public offices | |||||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
| 主題 | neighborhoods/rural townships partition | |||||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||||
| 主題 | rule systems for districts rural townships with public offices neighborhood chiefs wife of neighborhood chiefs | |||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||||||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||||||||
| ID登録 | ||||||||||||
| ID登録 | 10.15024/00000237 | |||||||||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||||||
| 著者 |
平川, 南
× 平川, 南
× Hirakawa, Minami
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| 抄録 | ||||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||||
| 内容記述 | 古代日本の地方社会を領域支配する行政機構として、国・郡・里（のちに郷）制が 施行された。小論は、近年の各地の発掘調査による出土文字資料を用いた検討を中心 に、郡家と里・郷の運用実態を明らかにすることとした。 10世紀前半に成立した『和名類聚抄』では、丹波国氷上郡は「東縣」「西縣」と、 甲斐国山梨郡は「山梨東郡」「山梨西郡」と、郡内がともに二分されている。しかし、 その方式はすでに八世紀前半から氷上郡において西部（西縣地域）に郡家、東部（東 縣地域）に郡家別院という分割支配体制として実施されていた。また、陸奥国磐城郡 においても、郡家所在郷である磐城郷を中心に南北に分割する方式がとられていた。 このように郡の分割統治方式には、国の道前・道後の支配方式にならった郡家を中心 として郡内を二分する行政的方式と、自然環境と歴史的経緯などによる相違を解消す るための機能的方式の二つの方法が存在した。 ところで郡家所在郷の名称には「大家（大宅）郷」・〝郡名〞郷・「郡家郷」の三種 類がある。「大家（大宅）郷」は郡制以前の在地有力者層の拠点であり、〝郡名〞郷は 郡領氏族の拠点が中核となり、郡家を設置して郡名を冠したものである。一方、「郡 家郷」は〝郡名〞郷・大家郷に比して新しく、例えば、武蔵国入間郡は、「大家郷」 と「郡家郷」が併置されているが、その場合、当初郡家は「大家郷」に置かれ、のち に「郡家郷」を新たに設置し、郡家所在郷としたと理解できる。 これらの郡家所在郷は、郡内の他郷と異なる負担、例えば郡家施設の維持管理など の徭役労働などを課せられていたことが、出土文字資料で確認できる。 里（郷）制下の責任者・里長は課役徴発など行政上の役割を負い、郡家に頻繁に出 仕し、里長の妻たる里刀自は里（郷）内の各戸の構成員の動向を的確に把握し、農業 経営に隠然たる力を発揮したであろう。 以上からも明らかなように、古代の地方行政組織である郡―里・郷制の行政運用は それぞれの地域の特性を勘案し、実に合理的であった。その実態は、各地の遺跡にお ける出土文字資料によって鮮やかに浮かび上がってきているのである。 |
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| 抄録 | ||||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||||
| 内容記述 | The province-district-neighborhood (later known as rural townships) system was established as an administrative structure for regional control of regional societies in ancient Japan. This article focuses on study using archeological excavation text documents from recent excavations in various places, aiming to clarify the reality of application of public offices and neighborhoods/rural townships. In the “Wamyo Ruijusho” established in the first half of the tenth century, Hikami District in Tamba Province was split into two inner districts called “Higashiagata” and “Nishiagata” while Yamanashi District in Kai Province was likewise split into the two inner districts of “Yamanashi Higashigun” and “Yamanashi Nishigun”. However, this had already been implemented from the first half of the eighth century with public offices in Seibu (Nishiagata region) in the Hikami District and a partitioned rule system called gukebetsuin in Toubu (Higashiagata region). In Iwaki District, Mutsu Province, too, there was a system of north and south partitions centered around Iwaki-no-go, a rural township with a public office. In this way, there were two methods of partition and rule systems for districts: the administrative system of splitting into two inner districts centered around public offices, and the functional system of resolving differences by means of natural environment and historical chronology, etc. Incidentally, there were three types of rural townships with public offices: the landlord (ooyake) rural townships, rural townships named after districts, and district home townships. Landlord (ooyake) rural townships were locations of influential landowners established from before the district system, and rural townships named after districts were mainly the location of district-leading families, with public offices bearing the name of the district. On the other hand, district home townships were newer than landlord rural townships and rural townships named after districts. For example, Iruma District in Musashi Province, landlord rural townships and district home townships were side by side, in which case we can understand that the first public offices were located in landlord rural townships and were later newly established in district home townships, forming rural townships with public offices. It can be confirmed from archeological excavation text documents that these rural townships with public offices had different responsibilities from other inner district rural townships, for example being imposed with compulsory maintenance and management of public office facilities, etc. The persons in charge and neighborhood chiefs under the neighborhood (rural township) system bore administrative responsibilities such as distribution and control of assignments, etc., and they frequently attended public offices, while the wives of neighborhood chiefs, who were essentially the housekeepers of the neighborhood, had a precise understanding of the movements of members of every house in the neighborhood (rural township), exhibiting power behind the scenes of agricultural administration. As is clear from the above, the application of administration through the ancient regional administrative structure of the district-neighborhood-rural township system was very logical and took into account the characteristics of the respective regions. The reality of this system is made brilliantly clear by archeological excavation text documents from various places. |
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| 書誌情報 |
ja : 国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 en : Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History 巻 178, p. 281-304, 発行日 2012-03-01 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||||||||
| 出版者 | 国立歴史民俗博物館 | |||||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||||
| ISSN | ||||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | PISSN | |||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | 0286-7400 | |||||||||||
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| 収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | AN00377607 | |||||||||||
| 関連サイト | ||||||||||||
| 識別子タイプ | URI | |||||||||||
| 関連識別子 | https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/outline/publication/ronbun/ronbun8/index.html#no178 | |||||||||||
| 関連名称 | 第178集 収録論文 タイトルリスト | |||||||||||
| フォーマット | ||||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||||||||
| 内容記述 | application/pdf | |||||||||||
| 出版タイプ | ||||||||||||
| 出版タイプ | VoR | |||||||||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||||||||
| 見出し | ||||||||||||
| 大見出し | 開館30周年記念論文集 I | |||||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||||
| 見出し | ||||||||||||
| 大見出し | Special Issue for the 30th Anniversary of National Museum of Japanese History I | |||||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||||
